司马光诞生地史实再考释

An Re-examination of the Historical Facts Concerning Sima Guang's Birthplace

胡昭曦先生《司马光诞生地考》一文对司马光诞生地问题“作初步考订”,指出其诞生地有郫县说和光山说,而后者比较符合事实,同时对有关文献记载进行了梳理分析和质疑,并对此作进一步考释。郫县说源于南宋张行成的祠堂记,其中有欠于考订、事实不清的成分,类似的还有署名北宋张耒的祠堂记。从顺应时势和民众心理角度而言,此类祠堂记所言或可理解,但不能作为史实依据。光山说则依据明清县志、年谱及部分宋人的简要记述,其中南宋叶适所作祠堂记的有关内容,以及宋代地志记载之材料,可进一步佐证司马光的生地、生年等问题。司马光取字“君实”应是用其名的反义,而其名与光山有关,名字合义,既光辉灿烂又脚踏实地。

Mr.Hu Zhaoxi's“Research on the Birthplace of Sima Guang”made a preliminary textual research on Sima Guang's birthplace,pointing out that,of the two views on this matter:one says that Sima Guang was born in Pixian(in today's Sichuan),and the other in Guangshan(in today's Shanxi),the latter is more in line with historical facts.Hu's paper makes a further textual research and explanation on the relevant literature.The Pixian theory originated from the ancestral hall records of Zhang Xingcheng of Southern Song,but that text is not accurate,nor is another similar text signed by Zhang Lei of the Northern Song period.The records in this types of texts may be understandable,but they are not reliable.On the other hand,the Guangshan theory is based on more trustable records,including the county annals and chronicles of the Ming-Qing period,the brief records of some people in Song Dynasty(for instance,the relevant accounts in Ye Shi's ancestral hall records),and the materials in geographical records of Song Dynasty,all of which help confirm Sima Guang's birthplace and the year of his birth.Sima Guang styled himself“Jun Shi”,exactly the opposite of his name“Guang”,which must have to do with Guangshan.His name and style together mean brilliance and down-to-earth spirit.