免疫佐剂的作用机制及分类

Mechanism and classification of immune adjuvants

随着肿瘤免疫疗法的兴起,肿瘤疫苗作为其中一个越来越重要的研究领域,在肿瘤治疗中的应用价值也日益显现。免疫佐剂可增强疫苗的免疫原性、改变免疫应答类型、调节免疫应答强度,还可降低疫苗的使用剂量、提高疫苗安全性,故免疫佐剂在肿瘤免疫疫苗的发展中具有重要意义,对其研究也成为当下的研究热点。归纳了常用免疫佐剂的特点及其作用机制,并对已用于临床的3种传统佐剂(弗氏佐剂、油乳佐剂、铝盐佐剂)和目前研究较多的几种新型佐剂(脂质体、中药佐剂、小分子多肽佐剂、细胞因子佐剂、纳米佐剂)的特性进行了综述。

With the rapid development of tumor immunotherapy,vaccination is becoming an increasingly important research field,and their application value in tumor treatment is becoming increasingly apparent.Immune adjuvants not only can enhance the immunogenicity of the vaccine,change the type of immune response,adjust the intensity of the immune response,but also can also reduce the dosage of the vaccine and improve the safety of the vaccine.Therefore,immune adjuvant plays an important role in the development of tumor immune vaccine,and the research on it has become a hot topic at present.In this paper,the characteristics and mechanism of commonly used immune adjuvants were introduced,and the three traditional adjuvants(Freund's adjuvant,oil emulsion adjuvant,and aluminum salt adjuvant)that have been used in clinical practice were compared with the current research.The characteristics of several new adjuvants(liposomes,traditional Chinese medicine adjuvants,small molecule polypeptide adjuvants,cytokine adjuvants,adjuvant nano adjuvants)were reviewed.