留身独对与宋朝宰执政治干预的多元性

The Pluralism of Private Conversations with the Emperor and Prime Ministers’ Political Intervention in Song Dynasty

宋朝宰执在常规性的面见皇帝或奏事之外,个别人还会留身独对,这是皇帝和臣僚间信息沟通的一种通道,也是宰执政治干预多元性的一种表现。宰执借留身之机,较从容地与皇帝深入讨论军国大事,甚至向皇帝表明自己的立场,借以影响皇帝的用人和施政。而皇帝也借留身宰执了解朝政得失、臣僚间关系,臣僚对人事、政事的看法等。由于留身独对的保密性和特殊性,大多宰执珍视留身的机会,也不乏朝中大臣忌惮于留身的宰执,对此提出反对意见。可以说,留身独对从一个侧面反映着朝廷中复杂的政治关系和人际关系,也反映着一个时期内朝政的走向。

In addition to meeting the emperor, the Prime Ministers of Song Dynasty would stay alone. This is a channel of information communication between the emperor and his officials, and also a manifestation of the diversity of the political intervention of the emperor. By taking the opportunity to stay, he discussed military affairs with the emperor calmly, and even showed his ideas to the emperor, so as to influence the emperor’s employment and administration. The emperor also learned the gains and losses of the government, the relationship between the officials, the views of the officials on personnel and political affairs. Because of the confidentiality and particularity of keeping alone, most of the officials cherish the opportunity to stay, and there are also some ministers in the middle of the court who are afraid of staying in the body, so they put forward their objection. It can be said that staying alone reflects not only the complicated political and interpersonal relations in the court, but also the trend of the government in a period.