石黑一雄陌生化叙事对《浮世画家》普世主题的构建

Defamiliarization through Narration: Constructing Universal Themes in Kazuo Ishiguro’s An Artist of the Floating World

本文以形式主义的"陌生化"理论和布斯的小说修辞学理论为研究基础,从不可靠的叙述者、读者期待视野的颠倒以及作者对艺术与真实张力关系的平衡三个维度对石黑一雄的《浮世画家》进行文本分析,意在管窥石黑一雄早期作品对普世主题的构建。石黑一雄使用通用的文学主题,例如正义、人本、良知,以陌生化叙事观照个体和集体对自我存在、历史意识和民族认同的重构。《浮世画家》是对普世主题的初步搭建,具有人类普遍特性的国际主义写作称得上是作家石黑一雄心之所善的文学自觉。

Based on the Russian formalist concept of "defamiliarization" and Wayne C. Booth’s rhetoric of fiction, this paper studies Kazuo Ishiguro’s An Artist of the Floating World from three dimensions—the unreliable narrator, the reversal of the reader’s expectation horizon and the authorial balancing between art and reality—to explore Ishiguro’ construction of universal themes in this early novel. Ishiguro employs common literary themes, such as justice, humanity and morality, and uses defamiliarizing narrative devices to examine individual and collective reconstructions of self-existence, historical consciousness and national identity. An Artist of the Floating World works as Ishiguro’s initial construction of universal themes, and such international writing with universal concerns marks his ideal literary consciousness.