大学生死亡教育需求的现状及影响因素分析

Death education demands of college students and related influencing factors

目的了解大学生死亡教育需求的现状及其影响因素。方法 2018年4—6月,利用网络调研系统"问卷星"对中国内地22所高校进行便利抽样抽取1 254名在校大学生,调查在校大学生的一般人口社会学特征、已接受死亡教育现状、对死亡教育课程的期望及死亡教育需求状况。采用线性回归模型进行死亡教育需求的影响因素分析。结果大学生死亡教育需求的平均分为(3.67±0.96)分;多元线性回归分析结果显示,是否需要死亡教育方面的培训、学校所在地理位置、希望培训方式是影视鉴赏或其他、专业是否为工科、接受死亡教育的途径是否为网络途径、灵活的培训时间、你是否曾经或正罹患严重的心理疾病、是否信仰基督教和家中是否能公开讨论和死亡有关的话题,对大学生死亡教育的需求影响显著(P<0.05),决定系数R^2=0.24,表明大学生死亡教育需求能被自变量解释24.00%。结论大学生对死亡教育有较大的需求。我国需要构建系统的死亡教育课程,教学形式上多以影视鉴赏、案例分析、讲座为主,课程安排宜结合线上线下进行,并普及到各个专业的大学生,尤其是工科专业,而不局限在医学相关专业,开展以学校为主,家庭为辅的死亡教育课程。

Objective To understand the death education demands of college students and to discuss its related influencing factors.Methods With the assistance of SOJUMP,an online survey platform,a self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among 1254 students randomly selected from 22 colleges and universities in China's Mainland using convenient sampling method from April 2018 to June 2018 to collect demographic information and information on death education status,expectation and demands.Linear regression model was used to analyze the related influencing factors of death education demands of college students.Results The mean score of death education demand was 3.67±0.96.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that death education need,school location,expected death education approach(through media or not),study major,internet based education acceptance,flexible training time,mental illness,religion(Christian),open discuss about death related topic at home were major influencing factors of death education demands of college students(P<0.05).Conclusions College students have strong demands for death education.Therefore,a systematic death education curriculum needs to be developed,which should be implemented through film-video appreciation,case analysis and lecture approach in school or at home,online or in person among students with all majors,especially those with engineering major,not just limited to medical students.