元代的平准行用库与行用库——以国图藏《魏书》纸背文献为中心

Probing into the Pingzhun Hangyong Mint and the Hangyong Mint of the Yuan Dynasty--Centered on Documents Written on the Paper Cover of Wei Shu Collected by the National Library of China

国图藏《魏书》纸背文献收录元代倒换昏钞文书30余件,据此并结合传世文献,发现元代的平准行用库及行用库每一路府并非仅设一处,且平准行用库直至元末依然存在。文书还显示,相关钞库官吏的职责包括负责昏钞倒换并按旬向所在路分汇报、昏钞的押运与监烧、配料、排查、伺候关本、习仪、迎接与节假等诸多内容。

Among the documents written on the paper cover of Wei Shu(魏书)collected by the National Library of China are found over 30 official dispatches detailing the calling-in and reissuing of banknotes in the Yuan Dynasty.In light of extant literature,such a discovery leads us to conclude that,within each administrative division of Lu(路)and Fu(府),there were more than one Pingzhun Hangyong Mint(平准行用库)and Hangyong Mint(行用库)instituted by the throne and that Pingzhun Hangyong Mint existed till the end of the Yuan Dynasty.These official dispatches also reveal that a large part of the duties of government officials working for imperial mints included recycling old banknotes which were received from circulation,reporting on a ten-day basis to higher authorities that held jurisdiction over them,supervising the minting and transporting of paper notes,overseeing currency exchange affairs and other routine affairs such as securing raw materials,batching and checking,observing customs,practicing rituals,catering for receptions,arranging holiday affairs,et cetera.