从政治解放到人的解放的马克思自由思想变革界域——《论犹太人问题》再审视

A Look at the Realm of Marx’s Evolving Thoughts on Freedom from Political Emancipation to Human Emancipation--Revisiting On Jewish Issues

人的解放问题是马克思政治经济学中的逻辑主线,《论犹太人问题》是这一主线的“眼睛”,构成了马克思关于人的解放思想体系发展的源头。马克思认为政治解放并不是人的解放的最终节点,它只是人的解放过程中的一个环节。围绕着人的解放问题,马克思与鲍威尔进行了剧烈的思想交锋,通过对鲍威尔宗教批判的批判和超越以及对以现实的人为根基的市民社会的批判,证立了资本主义社会中理解人的解放的局限性。通过对政治解放与人的解放之间紧张关系的深入探讨,马克思找到了实现人的自由解放的路径,马克思关于人的解放的理论为深入理解社会主义发展的前景和道路指明了方向,具有重要的理论和现实意义。

The issue of human emancipation is the logical thread penetrating Marx’s political economy,whereby On Jewish Issues is the‘eye’of this thread which constitutes the source of Marx’s ideological system of human emancipation.Marx believes that political emancipation is not the final node of human emancipation,but a link in the process of human emancipation.On the issue of human emancipation,Marx and Powell had a fierce ideological debate.Through the criticism and transcendence of Powell’s religious criticism and the criticism of civil society based on realistic human beings,the limitations of understanding human emancipation in capitalist society were brought to the fore.This theory points out the direction for the further understanding of the prospect and road of socialist development,which has important theoretical and practical significance.