我国北方中俄木刻楞建筑防寒差异对比与启示

Contrast and enlightenment on the differences of cold protection between chinese and russian woodcut buildings in northern China

寒地具有冬季室外温度较低且持续时间长的特点,其特有的气候特征对传统村落居民的生产生活造成极大不便,故建筑防寒是寒地建筑迫切需要关心的问题.2019年习近平主席在《中央全面深化改革委员会》中强调要大力开展绿色建筑创建活动,“木刻楞”建筑是寒地最具代表性的绿色建筑之一,并且历时数百年至今仍在有效运转的木刻楞建筑代表着中国北方建筑文化自信,其防寒措施值得寒地现代建筑学习.本文通过对我国中俄“木刻楞”建筑的差异性对比,尝试从围护结构和采暖设施两大视角,分析其防寒措施.发现中式木刻楞建筑的围护结构采用木骨泥墙的方式进行防寒,采暖设施则利用灶台、火炕、火墙主被动结合的方式使能源得到高效利用;俄式木刻楞建筑的围护结构选择在垒叠的原木之间夹垫苔藓来提升建筑的密闭性,室内借助壁炉提升热舒适度.通过对木刻楞建筑防寒措施的对比与分析,能够对未来木刻楞建筑的保护与再利用方面提供思考和依据.

The cold area has the characteristics of low outdoor temperature and long duration in winter,and its unique climatic characteristics have caused great inconvenience to the production and life of traditional village residents.Therefore,building cold protection is an urgent concern for buildings in cold areas.In 2019,President Xi Jinping emphasized the need to vigorously carry out green building creation activities in the“Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reforms”.The“wooden cut”building is one of the most representative green buildings in the cold region,and it has been in effective operation for hundreds of years.The wood-cut slabs of the building represent the cultural self-confidence in the architectural semantics of northern China,and its cold protection measures are worth learning and learning from modern architecture in cold regions.Based on the comparison of the differences between the Chinese and Russian“wooden-cut”buildings,this article attempts to analyze the cold-proof measures from the perspectives of the envelope structure and heating facilities,and hopes to provide thoughts and ideas on the protection and reuse of wood-cut buildings in the future.in accordance with.