新型城市化与生态环境耦合协调时空特征研究——以长江经济带为例

Research on the Coupling and Coordination of New Urbanization and Ecological Environment——A Case Study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt

长江经济带作为国家重点战略区域之一,研究其新型城市化与生态环境的耦合协调关系,对于新型城市化的可持续发展具有重要意义。文章以长江经济带九省二市为研究对象,从复杂系统角度出发,基于PSR模型,并结合耦合理论分析新型城市化和生态环境两系统的耦合作用机理,构建长江经济带两系统的综合评价指标体系;借助综合评价模型、耦合度和耦合协调度模型,研究2004~2018年期间两者的综合水平以及耦合协调度的时空格局演变特征。结果表明:(1)2004~2018年新型城市化综合水平整体呈上升趋势,其中经济城市化占到0.4133的最大权重;生态环境综合水平整体呈"W"型波澜式上升趋势,其中生态涵养能力占到0.5019的最大权重。(2)时间维度上,两系统耦合协调度由2004年的0.1556严重不协调,提高至2018年的0.9729高级协调,期间经历了严重不协调-不协调-基本协调-优化协调-高级协调5种类型,总体发展呈明显上升趋势。(3)空间格局上,2007年上、中、下游耦合协调度均值分别为0.3248、0.3753、0.4593,耦合协调水平空间分布呈"二分格局";2008年上、中、下游耦合协调度均值分别为0.6747、0.8235、0.9123,空间分布呈"东高西低-阶梯下降"格局,与长江流域呈反梯度特点,地域特征明显。因此,文章提出要均衡推进新型城市化进程、提升生态环境系统综合水平,加快长江经济带区域一体化建设、缩小区域内部各省市发展差异,优化经济发展格局、转变经济发展方式,最终实现长江经济带高质量发展等政策启示。

As one of the national key strategic areas,the study of the coupling and coordination relationship between the new urbanization and the ecological environment in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is of great significance for the sustainable development of the new urbanization.Taking nine provinces and two cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt as the research objects,from the perspective of complex systems,based on PSR model combining the theory of coupling analysis of new type of urbanization and ecological environment of the two systems coupling mechanism,this paper built a comprehensive evaluation index system of the Yangtze River Economic Belt of two systems,with the comprehensive evaluation model,the coupling and coupling coordination degree model,the combined level of research during 2004-2018 and the characteristics of coupling coordination degree of temporal and spatial structure evolution.The empirical results showed that:(1)From 2004 to 2018,the comprehensive level of new urbanization was on the rise,in which economic urbanization occupied the largest weight of 0.4133.The overall level of ecological environment showed a"W"wave rising trend,in which the maximum weight of ecological conservation capacity was as high as 0.5019.(2)From the time dimension,the coupling coordination degree of the two systems increased from 0.1556 in 2004 to 0.9729 in 2018.During this period,the coupling coordination degree experienced five types:severe disharmony–disharmony-basic coordination-optimal coordination-advanced coordination,and the overall development showed an obvious upward trend.(3)In terms of spatial pattern,the mean coupling coordination degree of lower,middle and upper reaches were 0.4593,0.3753 and 0.3248 in 2007,and the spatial distribution of coupling coordination level showed a"dichotomous pattern".In 2008,the mean coupling coordination degrees of lower,middle and upper reaches were 0.9123,0.8235 and 0.6747,and the spatial distribution showed a pattern of"high in the east and low in the west",showing an inverse gradient with the Yangtze River Basin,with obvious regional characteristics.This paper put forward some policy suggestions to promote the process of new urbanization in a balanced manner,improve the comprehensive level of the ecological environment system,reduce the difference in regional development,and promote the integrated construction and optimization of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,optimize the economic development pattern,transformation of economic development mode,and eventually realize the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.