周年土壤耕作组合对伊犁河谷冬小麦-夏大豆氮素吸收、利用与产量的影响

Effects of annual soil tillage combination on nitrogen uptake,utilization and yield of winter wheat-summer soybean in Yili Valley

[目的]本文旨在研究周年不同土壤耕作组合对冬小麦-夏大豆氮素吸收、利用和产量的影响,为选择有利于北疆冬小麦-夏大豆作物生长的土壤耕作组合提供依据。[方法]于2017年10月至2019年10月在滴灌条件下设置裂区试验,主区为冬小麦播前土壤耕作,分别为深松(S)和翻耕(T)处理;副区为冬小麦收获后在冬小麦2种处理原区位上再分别采取翻耕(T1)、翻耕覆膜(TF)和免耕(N)3种土壤耕作处理。供试冬小麦品种为‘新冬42号’,夏大豆品种为‘黑河45号’,测定其干物质和氮素含量以及产量。[结果]S处理比T处理能显著提高冬小麦干物质积累和氮素吸收、利用效率,使冬小麦增产9.58%,还能显著提升T1和N处理夏大豆干物质积累和氮素吸收、利用效率,使夏大豆产量分别增加17.54%和24.67%;但STF与TTF处理间均无显著差异。当秋季采取同一耕作措施时,TF处理的夏大豆植株干物质积累量、产量和氮素吸收、利用效率显著高于T1和N处理,而且干物质积累总持续时间比T1和N处理分别延长5.27和11.65 d。[结论]秋季深松对冬小麦-夏大豆氮素吸收、利用效率和产量的影响优于翻耕,若考虑深松作业的周期性与高耗能性,也可以采取秋季翻耕与夏季翻耕覆膜的耕作组合措施。

[Objectives]The paper aimed to study the influence of different soil tillage combinations on nitrogen uptake,utilization and yield of wheat-soybean,so as to provide a reference for selecting soil tillage combinations that are beneficial to the growth of wheat-soybean crops in Northern Xinjiang.[Methods]From October 2017 to October 2019,a split area test was set up under drip irrigation conditions.The main area was set up as the soil tillage by subsoiling(S)and tillage(T)before planting of winter wheat,and after winter wheat harvest,three kinds of soil tillage treatments,including tillage(T1),tillage and film mulching(TF)and no tillage(N),were adopted in the original location of two treatments.The winter wheat variety was‘Xindong 42’and the summer soybean variety was‘Heihe 45’,their dry matten and nitrogen content and yield were determined.[Results]Compared with T treatment,S treatment could not only significantly improve the dry matter accumulation and nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of winter wheat by 9.58%,but also effectively improve the dry matter accumulation and nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of summer soybeans under T1 treatment and N treatment,promoting soybean yields to increase by 17.54%and 24.67%,respectively.However,there was no significant difference between STF and TTF treatments.When the same tillage measures were taken in autumn,the dry matter accumulation,nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency and yield of TF treatment were significantly higher than those of T1 and N treatments,and the total duration of dry matter accumulation was 5.27 and 11.65 days longer than that of T1 and N treatments,respectively.[Conclusions]The effect of subsoiling in autumn on nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency and yield of wheat soybean was better than that of tillage.However,considering the periodicity and high energy consumption of subsoiling operation,we can also adopt the combination of autumn tillage and summer tillage with plastic film mulching.