儿童青少年近视防控需要更高质量的研究证据

Prevention and control of children and adolescents myopia needs more high-quality research evidence

近年来,随着国家高度重视和相应政策出台,儿童青少年近视防控再次成为学校卫生、眼科等领域工作重点。目前近视率多年持续攀升、已处于高位,近视率的下降难以一蹶而就,须基于循证证据长期推进防控工作,通过持续"量变"迎来"质变"。然而,当前近视防控多个环节尚缺乏高质量的研究证据。本文就近视防控效果评价指标选择、增加户外活动时间干预、规范化开展筛查和闭环管理、近视影响因素和有效防控手段探索等关键方面,分析已有证据和存在局限,提出努力方向和建议,为科学制定、实施近视防控方案和评估近视防控效果提供参考。

In recent years, the state has paid greater attention to the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents, as well as to the issuance of corresponding policies, which means that this issue has once again become the focus of work in the fields of school health and ophthalmology. It should be noted that the prevalence of myopia has continued to rise for many years and it has reached a very high level. Therefore, reducing its prevalence requires long-term evidence-based prevention and treatment strategies, and a shift from "quantitative change" to "qualitative change". However, there is still a lack of high-quality research evidence regarding many aspects of myopia prevention and control. This paper summarizes the existing evidence and identifies limitations, proposes a direction for future efforts, and puts forward some suggestions regarding key aspects, such as the selection of evaluation indicators for myopia prevention and control, interventions that aim to increase the time spent on outdoor activities, standardized screening and closed-loop management, and the exploration of effective prevention and control measurements, so as to provide a referential framework that can be used to scientifically develop and implement myopia prevention and control strategies, as well to evaluate their efficacy.