新冠肺炎疫情期间学龄前儿童饮食行为及家庭影响因素分析

Eating behavior associated family factors of preschool children during the COVID-19 epidemic

目的了解新型冠状病毒肺炎(以下简称"新冠肺炎")流行期间居家幼儿的饮食行为及影响因素,为指导学龄前儿童健康饮食提供科学依据。方法 2020年3月18—20日,整群抽取深圳市5所幼儿园共1 829名学龄前儿童进行电子问卷调查,采用SPSS 19.0对饮食行为的影响因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果新冠肺炎疫情期间儿童不健康饮食行为发生率为47.2%,男生和女生分别为46.1%和48.4%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.02,P=0.31);3,4,5及6岁的儿童分别为56.6%,56.8%,42.3%及29.9%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=72.17,P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,父亲文化程度高、母亲文化程度高及家长对儿童进食满意与儿童的饮食行为问题呈负相关(OR值分别为0.78,0.77,0.21),家长允许孩子边吃边玩、在进餐时喜欢批评教育孩子、强迫孩子多吃、强迫孩子吃自己不喜欢的食物及担心孩子胃口与儿童饮食行为问题呈正相关(OR值分别为6.29,1.80,2.20,1.70,2.16)(P值均<0.05)。结论新冠肺炎期间学龄前儿童的不健康饮食行为发生率较平时低,但仍需加强学龄前儿童家庭的饮食健康教育。

Objective To investigate eating behavior and associated family factors of preschool children during the prevalence of Corona Virus Disease(COVID-19), and to provide scientific basis for healthy eating behavior for preschool children. Methods A total of 1 829 preschool children were investigated by electronic questionnaire from 5 kindergartens in Shenzhen from March 18-20, 2020. SPSS 19.0 was used to perform logistic regression analysis on the factors for eating behavior.Results The rate of unhealthy eating behavior during the prevalence of COVID-19 was 47.2%. The rate of unhealthy eating behaviors in boys and girls were 46.1% and 48.4%, respectively. And there was no significant difference between different genders(χ^(2)=1.02,P=0.31). The rate of unhealthy eating behaviors of preschool children aged 3-, 4-, 5-and 6-were 56.6%, 56.8%, 42.3% and 29.9%, respectively, and the differences between different ages were significant(χ^(2)=72.17,P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that fathers’ high education level, mothers’ education level(OR=0.78,0.77,0.21), and parents’ satisfaction with children’s eating were associated with low nutritional problems of child, while parental permission to play while eating, criticize while eating, force child to eat more and force child to eat foods they do not like, and parental concerns about children’s appetite, were associated with more unhealthy eating behavior(OR=6.29,1.80,2.20,1.70,2.16)(P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of unhealthy eating behaviors of preschool children during the prevalence of COVID-19 is lower than usual, but the health education of preschool children’s families still needs to be strengthened.