潍坊市女大学生人乳头瘤病毒疫苗接种犹豫现状及影响因素

Study on HPV vaccine hesitation and associated factors among female college students in Weifang

目的调查潍坊市女大学生人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗接种犹豫现状及其影响因素,为提高女大学生HPV疫苗接种率提供对策建议。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,抽取潍坊市1所医学院校和3所非医学院校408名女大学生,使用"女大学生HPV疫苗犹豫调查问卷"进行调查,使用χ^(2)检验和Logistic回归分析探究疫苗接种犹豫的影响因素。结果认为疫苗风险感知高(OR=4.15,95%CI=1.55~11.10)和对疫苗不良反应感到愤怒的女大学生(OR=3.63,95%CI=1.95~6.75)会对接种HPV疫苗产生犹豫;而认为HPV疫苗保护期长(OR=0.08,95%CI=0.04~0.17)、认为女性患宫颈癌的可能性大(OR=0.44,95%CI=0.21~0.90)和HPV疫苗认知得分>6分的女大学生(OR=0.31,95%CI=0.15~0.67)会选择接种HPV疫苗。结论疫苗风险感知高和对疫苗不良反应感到愤怒是影响女大学生HPV疫苗接种犹豫的重要因素。需要国家发挥战略导向作用,学校发挥教育作用,医务人员发挥引导作用,降低女大学生对接种HPV疫苗的犹豫。

Objective To investigate HPV vaccine hesitation and associated factors among female college students in Weifang, and to provide a suggestions for improving the coverage rate of HPV vaccine among female college students. Methods The questionnaire of HPV vaccine hesitancy of female college students was designed. By adopting the stratified sampling method, the survey was conducted among female students at one medical university and three nonmedical universities in Weifang. Chi-square test and Logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of vaccine hesitation. Results Female college students who had high risk perception toward vaccine(OR=4.15, 95%CI=1.55-11.10) and those who were angry about the sideeffects of the vaccine(OR=3.63, 95%CI=1.95-6.75) were hesitate to vaccinate against HPV. Female college students who believed long protection period of HPV vaccine(OR=0.08, 95%CI=0.04-0.17), that women had a high probability of cervical cancer(OR=0.44, 95%CI=0.21-0.90) and that the knowledge of HPV vaccine scored >6(OR=0.31, 95%CI=0.15-0.67) were more likely to receive HPV vaccine. Conclusion High risk perception of vaccines and anger at vaccine adverse reactions are important factors affecting HPV vaccines for female college students. Our findings call for strategic role of the state, school-based health education as well as medical professional guidance in lowering HPV vaccination hesitation among fenale college sutdents.