2011—2019年内蒙古自治区风疹流行病学特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of rubella in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China from 2011 to 2019

目的描述2011—2019年内蒙古风疹流行病学特征,为完善防控风疹策略提供科学依据。方法收集"中国疾病预防控制信息报告管理系统"中内蒙古自治区2011-2019年风疹的发病数据,采用描述性流行病学方法对风疹疫情监测资料进行流行病学特征的分析。结果 2011—2019年内蒙古自治区累计报告风疹病例2 135例,平均发病率为0.947 2/10万,其中2012年报告发病率最高(2.522 5/10万),2017年报告发病率最低(0.051 6/10万),2011—2018年风疹发病基本呈下降趋势,但2019年风疹发病率出现反弹(1.562 7/10万);12个盟市均有病例分布,其中兴安盟平均发病率最高(2.111 1/10万),巴彦淖尔市平均发病率最低(0.139 3/10万);发病时间集中度M值=0.46,提示内蒙古地区风疹发病具有一定的季节性,主要集中在4—6月份;男女性平均发病率比例为1∶0.77;2011—2014年0~<15岁儿童占此4年报告病例总数的63.8%(987/1 547),2015—2019年15~<25岁人群所占比例为69.2%(407/588),2019年15~<25岁人群所占比例为78.8%(312/396),发病年龄呈后移趋势;学生为主要发病人群,占报告发病的53.8%(1 149/2 135)。结论在内蒙古近年来发病率较高的重点地区建议加强卫生宣传教育与学校传染病防控管理,针对15~<25岁人群与25~<30岁育龄妇女,尤其是农村妇女,制定合理的含风疹成分疫苗补种策略,以预防风疹暴发流行与先天性风疹综合征的发生。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rubella in Inner Mongolia of China from 2011 to 2019. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to study the epidemiological characteristics of rubella in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China from 2011 to 2019. Results From 2011 to 2019, a total of 2 135 cases were reported in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with an average incidence of 0.947 2/100 000.The highest incidence was reported in 2012(2.522 5/100 000), and the lowest incidence was reported in 2017(0.051 6/100 000).The incidence of rubella was basically decreasing from 2011 to 2018, but it rebounded in 2019(1.562 7/100 000).Cases were distributed in 12 cities with the highest average incidence rate in Xing′an Meng(2.111 1/100 000), and the lowest in Bayannur(0.139 3/100 000).The M value was 0.46, indicating a certain seasonality of the onset time of rubella in Inner Mongolia autonomous Region mainly from April to June.The ratio of the annual average incidences of male to female was 1∶0.77.Children under 15 years old accounted for 63.8%(987/1 547) of the total reported cases in 2011-2014;from 2015 to 2019, people aged 15-25 accounted for 69.2%(407/588);in 2019, people aged 15-25 accounted for 78.8%(312/396)of the total cases.The age of rubella onset showed an increasing trend.Students were the main group,accounted for 53.8%(1 149/2 135)of all cases. Conclusions To prevent the outbreak of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome(CRS),in Hohhot,Baotou,Ordos,and other areas with high incidences in recent years,it is proposed to strengthen health-promoted education and the management of infectious disease prevention and control in schools.The reasonable rubella containing vaccine(RCV)supplementary immunization strategies should be formulated,which aimed at people aged 15-25 and women of childbearing age aged 25-30,especially rural women.