住院HIV/AIDS患者的陪护现状及影响因素研究

The current situation and influencing factors of accompanying in hospitalized HIV/AIDS patients

目的调查住院HIV/AIDS患者的陪护现状并分析其影响因素,为医院制定科学合理的陪护管理制度提供依据。方法采用便利抽样法选取2020年6—8月于上海市某艾滋病定点诊疗机构住院的208例HIV/AIDS患者为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、日常生活活动能力量表进行调查。结果共收回有效问卷208份,研究对象中139例(66.8%)有陪护者,其中护工占12.9%,家庭成员及朋友、性伴侣占87.1%。154例患者有陪护需求,陪护需求率为74%。宗教信仰、确诊为HIV阳性的时长、HIV告知情况、患者的陪护需求及日常生活活动能力是影响住院HIV/AIDS患者陪护率的因素(P<0.05)。结论住院HIV/AIDS患者的陪护率和陪护需求较高,家庭成员陪护为主要的陪护方式。多种因素影响住院HIV/AIDS患者的陪护率,医院管理者应综合考虑患者的病情、自理能力、陪护率的影响因素及临床特点来制定科学合理的陪护管理制度。

Objective To investigate the current situation and associated factors of accompanying hospitalized patients living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHs),so as to provide empirical evidence for policy makers to develop effective policy,procedures and standards.Methods Totally 208 hospitalized PLWHs were recruited from the HIV/AIDS designated hospital in Shanghai by convenience sampling method from June to August,2020 and investigated by general information questionnaire and Barthel index.Results Among 208 hospitalized PLWHs,139 PLWHs(66.8%)had informal caregivers.Among all informal caregivers,12.9%were care workers and 87.1%were family members,friends and sexual partners of the PLWHs.Seventy-four percent of PLWHs had the needs of accompanying.Binary logistic regression analysis showed that having religious belief,duration of HIV positive,status of HIV disclosure,accompanying needs of patients and activities of daily life abilities were associated with whether being accompanied.Conclusion The accompanying rate and needs of accompanying of hospitalized PLWHs is relatively high.The majority of caregivers are PLWHs'family members.Many factors are associated with the accompanying rate of hospitalized PLWHs.In order to develop a reasonable and scientific accompanying management system,the hospital administrators should consider the patient's condition,activities of daily life abilities and factors affecting the accompanying rate of PLWHs comprehensively.