精神分裂症家属病耻感现况及与心理困扰、自尊水平的关系

The status of stigma in schizophrenic families and its relationship with psychological distress and self-esteem

目的:调查精神分裂症患者家属病耻感,并探讨与心理困扰、自尊水平的关系。方法:随机抽取2018年5月至2019年5月在山东省精神卫生中心就诊的精神分裂症患者的家属150名,展开问卷调查。整理患者家属的基本信息和一般资料,分析其人口社会学特征;采用Link病耻感量表、Kessler10量表及自尊量表分别评估患者家属病耻感、心理困扰和自尊水平。发放问卷共计150份,回收134份,有效回收率89.33%。应用软件SPSS 21.0对各量表数据进行统计学分析。结果:134名患者家属年龄以31~50岁居多,职业以农民或职员为主,已婚者占81.34%(109/134),经济状况一般占61.94%(83/134),与患者关系大多为父母、配偶。患者家属Link量表平均(2.68±0.45)分,其中<2.5分占58.21%(78/134);Kessler10量表平均(19.57±6.23)分,其中>16分占70.90%(95/134);自尊量表平均(30.12±3.86)分。经Pearson相关分析,精神分裂症患者家属病耻感与心理困扰呈正相关(r=0.364,P<0.05);病耻感与自尊水平呈负相关(r=-0.220,P<0.05);心理困扰与自尊水平呈负相关(r=-0.421,P<0.05)。结论:精神分裂症患者家属往往因病耻感产生极大的心理困扰,而自尊是病耻感与心理困扰的保护因素;医护人员应对高病耻感、低自尊水平患者家属加强关注,采取干预措施以解除或减轻其心理困扰。

Objective To investigate the stigma in families of schizophrenic patients and explore the relationship between stigma and psychological distress and self-esteem.Methods A total of 150 family members of patients with schizophrenia who visited Shandong Mental Health Center from May 2018 to May 2019 were randomly selected to conduct a questionnaire survey.The basic information and general data of patients'family members were sorted out,and the characteristics of population and sociology were analyzed.The Link stigma scale,Kessler10 scale and self-esteem scale were used to evaluate stigma,psychological distress and self-esteem of patients'family members.A total of 150 questionnaires were sent out and 134 were recovered with effective recovery rate of 89.33%.SPSS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data of each scale.Results Most of the family members of the 134 patients were 31-50 years old,most of them were farmers or employees,81.34%(109/134)were married,61.94%(83/134)were in general economic condition,and most of them were parents or spouses.The average Link scale score of the patient′s family members was(2.68±0.45),of which less than 2.5 points accounted for 58.21%(78/134).The average score of Kessler10 scale was(19.57±6.23),and over 16 scores accounted for 70.90%(95/134).The mean score of self-esteem scale was(30.12±3.86).Through Pearson correlation analysis,stigma of relatives of schizophrenia patients was positively correlated with psychological distress(r=0.364,P<0.05).Stigma was negatively correlated with self-esteem(r=-0.220,P<0.05).Psychological distress was negatively correlated with self-esteem(r=-0.421,P<0.05).Conclusions The families of schizophrenic patients often have great psychological distress due to stigma,and self-esteem is the protective factor of stigma and psychological distress.Medical staffs should pay more attention to the families of patients with high stigma and low self-esteem,and take intervention measures to relieve or relieve their psychological distress.