有机肥替代化肥对设施蔬菜土壤有效态Fe、Mn、Cu含量的影响

Effect of Organic Fertilizer Replacement Chemical Fertilizers on the Available Fe,Mn and Cu Contents in Facility Vegetable Soils

为改善设施土壤中微量元素短缺问题,减少化肥施用,提高设施番茄产量,在水高庄村日光大棚(SFQ)和小沙沃村日光大棚(XFQ)内,以不同量有机肥替代化肥为处理,研究了设施大棚土壤中有效态Fe、Mn、Cu含量的变化情况及与番茄品质和产量的关系。结果表明,有机肥替代化肥均不同程度提高了土壤有效态Fe、Mn、Cu含量。大棚SFQ中,SGY土壤中有效态Mn、Cu含量较对照处理分别提高了140.95%,348.95%;大棚XFQ中,XGY处理显著提高了土壤有效态Fe含量,较对照处理高出12.28%,XGY处理的有效态Mn、Cu含量比对照处理分别高出84.60%,215.71%。2个大棚中有效态Fe、Mn、Cu与番茄果实Vc含量之间呈极显著正相关,与NO-3-N含量之间呈极显著负相关。大棚SFQ中土壤有效态Fe与大棚XFQ中土壤有效态Fe、Mn和Cu均与产量呈显著正相关。高量有机肥替代化肥可极显著提高番茄果实Vc含量,降低硝酸盐含量,显著提高番茄产量。因此,可通过添加有机肥来缓解设施土壤中微量元素短缺的状况,为土壤可持续利用及设施农业发展提供参考。

In order to improve the shortage of micronutrients in the facility soil,reduce the application of chemical fertilizers,increase the yield of tomatoes.In the sunlight greenhouse in Shuigaozhuang village(SFQ)and the sunlight greenhouse in Xiaoshawo village(XFQ),different amounts of organic fertilizers were used instead of chemical fertilizers as treatments to study the changes of available Fe,Mn,Cu content in the soil of facility greenhouses and relationship with tomato quality and yield.The results showed that the substitution of organic fertilizers for chemical fertilizers increased the content of available Fe,Mn and Cu in the soil to varying degrees.In the greenhouse SFQ,the available Mn and Cu contents in the SGY soil increased by 140.95%and 348.95%respectively compared with the control treatment;in the greenhouse XFQ,the XGY treatment significantly increased the soil available Fe content,which was 12.28%higher than the control treatment,the available Mn and Cu contents of XGY treatment were 84.60%and 215.71%higher than the control treatment,respectively.The available Fe,Mn,Cu in the two greenhouses were extremely significantly positively correlated with Vc and yield of tomato fruits,and were extremely significantly negatively correlated with the NO-3-N content.Soil available Fe in the greenhouse SFQ and available Fe,Mn and Cu in soil in the greenhouse XFQ were all significantly correlated with yield.Replacement of chemical fertilizers with high amounts of organic fertilizers could extremely significantly increased the Vc content,reduced nitrate content of tomato fruits,and significantly increased tomato yield.Therefore,organic fertilizers can alleviate the shortage of micronutrients in the facility soil,which provide references for the sustainable utilization of soil and the development of facility agriculture.