沉积岩石学的室内研究方法综述

Review of laboratory research methods for sedimentary petrology

为了正确、高效地完成沉积岩石学的研究内容,势必要求沉积岩石学的研究方法具多样性和先进性,并可在实践中不断完善和发展。作者着重阐述了沉积岩石学的室内研究方法,旨在为沉积岩石学研究者系统介绍合适的技术和手段。室内研究方法主要包括矿物成分与结构分析、无机与有机地球化学分析和其他实验方法。矿物成分与结构分析主要包括薄片鉴定、粒度分析、重矿物分析、激光拉曼光谱和荧光光谱分析、微区矿物识别和元素分析、阴极发光分析,以及X射线衍射、红外光谱和热谱分析。无机地球化学分析主要包括元素地球化学、风化强度的量化、稳定同位素分析和测年分析。有机地球化学分析主要包括总有机碳、岩石热解分析、镜质体分析、气相色谱分析和生物标志物色谱—质谱分析、非生物标志化合物和有机化合物稳定同位素组成分析等。此外,沉积岩石学的室内研究方法还包括磁性矿物学、物理和数值模拟、岩石地球物理方法和地质大数据方法等。新技术、新方法的应用和发展,是促进沉积岩石学发展的重要原因之一。

In order to correctly and efficiently complete the research content of sedimentary petrology,its research methods need to be diversified and advanced,and can be improved and developed continuously in practice.This paper emphatically demonstrates the laboratory methods of sedimentary petrology,which mainly include mineral composition and structure analysis,inorganic and organic geochemistry analysis and other experimental methods.The mineral composition and structure analysis mainly comprise thin-section identification,grain-size analysis,heavy-mineral analysis,laser-Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy,micro-area elemental analysis and mineral recognition,cathodoluminescence,X-ray diffraction,infrared spectroscopy and thermal spectrum analysis.Inorganic geochemistry consist mainly of element analysis,quantification of weathering intensity,stable isotopic and dating analyses.Organic geochemistry primarily incorporates total organic carbon,pyrolysis,vitrinite,chromatography,biomarker chromatography-mass spectrometry,non-biomarkers,organic compound stable isotope composition,etc.In addition,magnetic mineralogy,physical and numerical simulation,petrogeophysical method,and big data analyses should also be included for sedimentary petrology study.This study will shed new light on the application and development of these technologies and methods,in favor of promoting the development of sedimentary petrology.