学龄前儿童躯体伤害恐惧的相关因素研究

Study on the related factors of physical injury fears in preschool children

目的研究学龄前儿童躯体伤害恐惧的基本情况及相关因素,为其早期发现并及时干预提供科学依据。方法于2018年9-11月采用分层整群抽样方法,选取太原市城区具有代表性的3所幼儿园中3~6岁全部健康儿童为研究对象,共969例,其中男504例,女465例。研究工具为自编儿童基本情况调查表、Spence学前儿童焦虑量表、婴儿-初中学生社会生活能力量表、家庭养育环境量表和焦虑自评量表。结果躯体伤害恐惧阳性检出75例(7.73%),其中男性33例(6.5%),女性42例(9.0%),差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.091,P>0.05);躯体伤害恐惧得分女性(7.15±4.89)显著高于男性(6.50±4.23),差异有统计学意义(t=-2.200,P=0.028)。多因素分析显示,非剖宫产(OR=2.063,95%CI:1.128~3.772,P=0.019)、母亲焦虑得分(OR=1.074,95%CI:1.024~1.125,P=0.003)是学龄前儿童躯体伤害恐惧的危险因素,家庭养育环境量表中的语言认知因子得分(OR=0.912,95%CI:0.873~0.952,P<0.001)、社会生活能力总分(OR=0.961,95%CI:0.936~0.988,P=0.004)是其保护因素。结论躯体伤害恐惧在学龄前儿童较常见,与母亲焦虑、家庭养育环境及儿童社会生活能力有关。因此,早期进行家庭养育干预可以防止幼儿躯体伤害恐惧,促进幼儿身心健康。

Objective To study the basic situation and related factors of physical injury fears in preschool children,in order to provide scientific basis for their early detection and timely intervention.Methods A total of 969 healthy children aged 3 to 6 years were selected from 3 representative kindergartens in Taiyuan city by stratified cluster sampling,including 504 males and 465 females.The research tools included self-designed children basic information questionnaire,Spence Preschool Anxiety Scale,Normal Development of Social Skill from Infant to Junior High School Children(S-M),Family Nurturing Environment Scale and Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS).Results There were 75 positive cases detected with physical injury fears(7.73%),including 33 males(6.5%)and 42 females(9.0%),with no statistically significant difference(χ~2=2.091,P>0.05).Female scored higher in physical injury fears than males(t=-2.200,P=0.028).Multivariate analysis showed that non-cesarean section(OR=2.063,95%CI:1.128—3.772,P=0.019),maternal anxiety score(OR=1.074,95%CI:1.024—1.125,P=0.003)were the risk factors for the physical injury fear of preschool children,and the language cognition factor score(OR=0.912,95%CI:0.873—0.952,P<0.001,)and the total score of social life ability(OR=0.961,95%CI:0.936-0.988,P=0.004)were the protective factors.Conclusions Physical injury fears is more common in preschool children and is related to maternal anxiety,family nurturing environment and children′s social life ability.Therefore,early family parenting intervention can prevent children′s fear of physical injury and promote their physical and mental health.