抗病毒免疫信号通路在蚊抗登革病毒感染中的研究进展

Advance research on mosquito immune signaling pathways against Dengue virus

登革热是一种虫媒传染病,在热带和亚热带100多个国家流行,其病原体为登革病毒,感染登革病毒的部分患者可发展为严重的登革出血热和登革休克综合征。在登革热的传播媒介伊蚊中,登革病毒随血液被蚊虫吸入中肠进行复制。新形成的病毒颗粒分散到不同的器官或组织增殖,最后进入唾液腺,再次通过蚊虫叮咬传播到下一个宿主。感染期间,蚊对病毒的识别触发了它们的抗病毒天然免疫反应,从而抑制病毒复制。然而,蚊虫的免疫系统只限制病毒的复制,却不完全清除病毒。因此,蚊终生携带病毒使得病毒能够持续性感染。本综述对蚊抗登革病毒天然免疫信号通路最新研究进行总结,有助于研发有效的抗病毒药物和登革热疫苗,更好地预防和控制登革热。

Dengue is an insect-borne infectious disease caused by Dengue virus(DENV)that is endemic in more than 100 tropical and subtropical countries.Some of Dengue virus-infected individuals develop dengue hemorrhagic fever(DHF)or dengue shock syndrome(DSS).Dengue is endemic in many tropical and sub-tropical countries where the transmission vectors Aedes mosquitoes resides.Viruses enter the midgut of a mosquito following the mosquito′s ingestion of a viremic blood meal.The newly formed virions are dispersed to different organs or tissues to proliferate.Eventually,DENV in the salivary glands are transmitted to the next host through mosquito bites.During infection,virus recognition by the mosquito host triggers their antiviral innate immunity,thereby inhibiting viral replication.However,whilst the mosquito immune system limits viral replication,it is unable to totally clear the virus.As such,these viruses can establish persistent infection without damage to the mosquito vector,ensuring the ability of lifelong transmission.This review summarizes the latest research on the innate immune signaling pathway of the mosquito against Dengue virus,which is helpful to develop effective antiviral drugs and dengue vaccines to better prevent and control dengue fever.