谷物及其制品中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇控制的研究进展

Research progress of deoxynivalenol control in cereals and their products

脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)属B型单端孢霉烯族毒素,是目前谷物及其制品中污染最为普遍的一种真菌毒素,食用后会导致人体多种急、慢性中毒,增加人体患胃癌、食管癌等恶性肿瘤的几率,具有明显的毒理学危害。为了保护消费者健康及最大限度的减少经济损失,国内外学者一直在积极的寻找控制DON的方法,反复测试比对各种方法的优点和弊端,不断优化物理脱毒和化学脱毒方法,发展生物脱毒方法。近年来,随着社会经济和科学技术的发展,我国在脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的控制和脱毒领域已经探索出许多新的成果。例如,电化学氧化法、酶的利用法和生物转化法等都是近些年来新兴的高效脱毒技术。本文总结了目前食品中DON的控制方法并对其做出比较,讨论和展望未来社会在这一领域的发展方向并举例说明小麦、玉米及其制品中DON的全产业链控制,详细说明DON如何实现从农田到餐桌的全产业链控制,以期更全面的保障食品安全。

Deoxynivalenol(DON)belongs to the B-type trichothecenes toxin,which is currently the most common mycotoxin in grains and their products.It can cause various acute and chronic poisonings after consumption,increase the risk of gastric cancer,esophageal cancer and other malignant tumors,and has obvious toxicological hazards.In order to protect the health of consumers and minimize economic losses,scholars at home and abroad have been actively looking for ways to control DON,repeatedly testing and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of various methods,continuously optimizing physical and chemical detoxification methods,and developing Biological detoxification method.In recent years,with the development of social economy and science and technology,our country has explored many new results in the field of deoxynivalenol control and detoxification.For example,electrochemical oxidation,enzyme utilization and biotransformation are all emerging high-efficiency detoxification technologies in recent years.This paper summarized and compared the current control methods of DON in food,discussed and looked forward to the future development direction of the society in this field,illustrated the whole industrial chain control of DON in wheat,corn and its products with examples,and explained in detail how DON can achieve the whole industrial chain control from farmland to table,in order to more comprehensivly protect food safety.