2011—2019年云南省食物中毒流行特征分析及预防措施探讨

Epidemiological characteristics and preventive measures of food poisoning in Yunnan province from 2011 to 2019

目的分析2011—2019年云南省食物中毒流行特征。方法应用流行病学和统计学方法,对2011—2019年云南省食物中毒情况进行分析。结果2011—2019年云南省共报告食物中毒事件5025起,中毒36247人,死亡445人,病死率1.23%,不同年份病死率差异有显著性(P=0.002);第三季度食物中毒多发,占全年总数的51.86%;农村食物中毒远高于城市,占总数的87.94%;家庭是食物中毒高发场所,中毒事件、死亡人数分别占总数的76.2%、86.52%,不同场所病死率差异有显著性(P<0.01);60岁以上及1~6岁年龄组病死率高于其他年龄组,分别为3.47%、2.34%,不同年龄组病死率差异有显著性(P<0.01);野生菌是主要致病因素,中毒事件、死亡人数分别占总数的59.16%、56.18%,酒类和毒鼠强中毒病死率最高,分别为15.74%、12.93%,不同致病因素引起食物中毒的病死率差异有显著性(P<0.01);不同地区病死率差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论云南省食物中毒的发生有明显的季节性和地域性,家庭是食物中毒发生的主要场所,野生菌是主要致病因素,酒类和鼠药中毒病死率较高,应加强农村及家庭食物中毒的防控,重点关注野生菌、酒类和鼠药引起的食物中毒。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of food poisoning in Yunnan province from 2011 to 2019.Methods The situations of food poisoning in Yunnan province from 2011 to 2019 were analyzed by epidemiological and statistical methods.Results From 2011 to 2019,a total of 5025 cases of food poisoning were reported in Yunnan province,36247 people were poisoned and 445 died,with a fatality rate of 1.23%.The fatality rate of different years was significantly different(P=0.002).Food poisoning occurred frequently in the third quarter,accounting for 51.86%of the total.Rural food poisoning was much higher than urban food poisoning,accounting for 87.94%of the total.Families are the places with high incidence of food poisoning,with poisoning incidents and deaths accounting for 76.2%and 86.52%of the total,respectively.The difference of fatality rate between different places is significant(P<0.01).The fatality rates in the age groups above 60 and 1-6 years old were higher than those in other age groups(3.47%and 2.34%,respectively),with significant differences among different age groups(P<0.01).Wild bacteria were the main pathogenic factors,and poisoning events and deaths accounted for 59.16%and 56.18%of the total,respectively.The fatality rates of alcohol and tetramine poisoning were the highest,15.74%and 12.93%,respectively.The fatality rates of food poisoning caused by different pathogenic factors were significantly different(P<0.01).The fatality rate in different regions was significantly different(P<0.01).Conclusion The occurrence of food poisoning in Yunnan province has obvious seasonality and regionality.Families are the main places where food poisoning occurs,wild bacteria are the main pathogenic factors,and the fatality rates of alcohol and rodent poisoning are relatively high.Therefore,the prevention and control of food poisoning in rural areas and families should be strengthened,focusing on the food poisoning caused by wild bacteria,alcohol and rat drugs.