2013—2017年成都市蚊虫密度监测分析

Surveillance of mosquitoes in Chengdu City from 2013 to 2017

目的掌握成都市蚊虫种群分布及季节消长规律,为防控蚊媒传染性疾病提供参考。方法采用诱蚊灯法,于每年4—11月在成都市城区和农村开展蚊虫密度监测。结果共捕获成蚊337233只,平均蚊密度为3.52只/(灯·h),其中致倦库蚊、三带喙库蚊为优势种,分别占捕蚊总数的50.43%、35.85%。2013—2017年蚊密度呈逐年下降趋势,2013年平均蚊密度为3.97只/(灯·h),为最高值;2017年平均蚊密度为2.82只/(灯·h),为最低值。成蚊密度的季节消长呈单峰曲线,高峰期在6—7月;蚊媒疾病乙型脑炎发病数量高峰集中在7—8月,5年合计分别为27和30例。不同生境中牲畜棚成蚊密度最高,密度为19.19只/(灯·h)。结论初步掌握了成都市蚊虫的种群密度、分布和季节消长情况,密度消长与蚊媒传染病密切相关,应加强蚊虫及其传播疾病的综合监测、预警、控制对策和措施等工作。

Objective To study the population distribution of mosquitoes and their seasonality in Chengdu and provide reference for controlling mosquito borne diseases.Methods Light traps were used for mosquito density surveillance in the urban areas and villages in Chengdu from April to November in the years from 2013 to 2017.Results A total of 337233 mosquitoes were collected,and the average mosquito density was 3.52 mosquitoes/(lamp·h).Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex tritaeniorhynchus were the dominant species,respectively accounting for 50.43%and 35.85%.The mosquito density decreased year by year from 2013 to 2017,the highest average mosquito density was 3.97 mosquitoes/(lamp·h)in 2013,the lowest average mosquito density was 2.82 mosquitoes/(lamp·h)in 2017.The seasonality of mosquitoes was unimodal,and the peak occurred from June to July.The incidence of Japanese encephalitis,which was a mosquito-borne disease,concentrated in July to August.A total of 27 cases and 30 cases were reported during 2013—2017.The highest adult mosquito density was 19.19 mosquitoes/(lamp·h),took place in the livestock shed among different environments.Conclusion The population distribution of mosquitoes and their seasonality in Chengdu were well documented in this study.The density dynamics of mosquitoes were closely correlated with mosquito-borne disease.It is necessary to strengthen the research with regard to the integrated monitoring,early warning,control strategies and measures of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne disease.