克里雅河尾闾遗址群序列:考察回顾与年代研究综述

A Review of Investigation and Excavation of Oasis Relics from the Lower Reaches of the Keriya River

回顾了塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地的克里雅河尾闾既往系列考察和发掘活动,结合多年的实地考察对各遗址群的时代做了梳理.认为:(1)夏商时代的北方墓地和青铜器居址,春秋战国至汉代的圆沙古城,魏晋至唐代的喀拉墩以及唐代丹丹乌里克遗址群时代基本连续;(2)存在北方与圆沙遗址群时间上的可能间断;(3)北方墓地和青铜居址到喀拉墩古城遗址,自老到新空间上表现由北向南分布;(4)古遗址的时空变迁代表着古绿洲的演化.克里雅河下游沙漠腹地的遗址群序列可为塔里木盆地南缘其它流域环境演变与人类文明变迁的研究提供参照和对比.

This paper reviews the previous series of investigations and excavations on the lower reaches of the Keriya River in the hinterland of Taklamakan Desert,and discusses the problems arising from the time series of site groups based on field investigations.The results show that:(1)The established Keriya River delta relic sites sequence which include Beifang(Xia and Shang dynasties),Yuansha(from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Han Dynasty),Karadun(from the Wei and Jin to the Tang Dynasty),and Dandan Oilik(Tang Dynasty),is basically continuous in time;(2)There is a possible gap between Beifang and Yuansha in temporal distribution;(3)Beifang Cemetery,Beifang Residency Site,Yuansha Site and Karadun are spatially located from north to south with temporally distributing from the old to the new;(4)The temporal and spatial changes of ancient sites were the result of oases relics evolution.The settlement relics and oases sequences in the desert hinterland of the lower reaches of the Keriya River delta can be presented as a reference for the contrast of environmental changes and the human civilization changes in other regions in the southern margin of the Tarim Basin.