线型聚能切割爆破的理论研究

Theory study on linear shaped charge cutting blasting

通过对线型聚能爆炸切割器的高速碰撞问题建立不可压缩流体模型,推导获得了爆炸切割射流参数的解析解,将之与聚能破甲理论结合,详细分析了爆炸切割器的设计要点。文中系统地说明了线型聚能切割爆破的切割深度、切割器设计炸高、聚能罩最佳顶角、聚能罩材料等与切割器参数的关系。进而利用所建立的流体聚能切割理论模型,对聚能切割器顶部同步起爆、沿顶部线性和外表面高速起爆问题都进行了理论解析和研究,分析了各种起爆方式的切割射流与破甲特点,以及对切割器参数设计的影响等。还根据滑移爆轰、等容爆轰、正向起爆对飞片驱动能力的对比分析,结合所建立的聚能切割理论,说明了高速起爆可以提高切割能力的原理。通过分析对比各种装药质量比下飞片的爆炸能量利用率,指出了爆炸切割器设计药量的选取原则。对于复杂的三维爆炸聚能切割理论问题,笔者尽量采用简洁直观的数学方法进行理论推导,着重对物理概念的阐述与分析,以求对线型聚能爆破的理论和技术发展起到促进作用。

Aiming at the problem of linear shaped charge explosive cutting,the incompressible fluid model was established for the high-speed collision of the cutter,and then the analytical relationship of jet parameters of explosive cutting was derived.Furthermore,combining with shaped charge penetration theory,the design key points of explosive cutter were analyzed.Based on the penetration theory and the analytical relation of explosive cutting jet,it was expounded systematically about the cutting depth,the standoff distance of cutter,the optimum apex angle of shaped charge liner,the liner material and its relationship with cutting parameters.Using fluid cutting models,a series of theoretical analysis was carried out on the problems of synchronous initiation on the ridge of linear shaped charge,high-speed linear initiation along the ridge and high-speed initiation on the exterior surface of shaped charge.The cutting jet and penetration characteristics of various initiation modes and the influence on cutter parameter design were analyzed also.Combined with linear shaped charge theory and the comparative analysis of the driving flyer abilities of sliding detonation,equal volume detonation and forward initiation,the principle of improving the cutting ability of linear shaped charge by high-speed initiation was explained.By comparing the explosion energy utilization rate of flyer under various charge mass ratio,the design principle of charge quantity of explosive cutter was pointed out.For the complex three-dimensional explosive cutter theory in this paper,for the process of theoretical deduction,the concise and intuitive method was adopted as far as possible,and the physical concept was emphatically elaborated and analyzed,so as to promote the development of linear shaped charge cutting blasting theory and technology.