基于大田土壤温度和水分变化的吉林省春玉米播期研究

Sowing Dates of Spring Maize in Jilin Based on Temperature and Moisture of Soil Characters

基于对吉林省长春市大田土壤温度和水分变化分析,研究不同播种日期对春玉米出苗率及产量的影响,确定最佳播种日期,为提高吉林省春玉米产量提供理论依据。以春玉米品种松玉419为试验材料,田间设置9个不同播种日期,播期间隔5~6天,监测春玉米苗期田间土壤温度和水分变化,测定春玉米产量并对产量构成因素进行分析,建立出苗率与土壤温度和水分多元线性回归数学模型。结果表明:春玉米出苗率与土壤温度和水分呈显著正相关。播种时土壤水分和土壤温度的差异显著影响成熟期籽粒产量。当土壤温度一定时,土壤体积含水率每增加1%,出苗率提高0.789%,出苗速率提高0.798%;当土壤体积含水率一定时,土壤温度每增加1℃,出苗率提高0.352%,出苗速率提高0.793%。松玉419在4月29日播种时产量最高,比正常播期(5月4日)产量提高6.66%,即每年4月底5月初,土壤平均温度在13.1~13.6℃,土壤体积含水率在13.1%~15.3%时播种最佳。土壤水分对春玉米出苗率影响最大,而土壤温度对春玉米出苗速率影响最大。

Based on temperature and moisture of soil characters in Jilin, the influence of different sowing periods onseedling emergence rate and yield of spring maize were conducted. The optimal sowing period was determined,which provided theoretical basis for high yield production of spring maize in Jilin. In this study, the maize varietySongyu 419 was used as experimental material with an interval of 5-6 days sowing dates. The temperature and mois-ture of soil data during maize seedling stages were recorded, and yield and yield components were also detected. Amathematical model of multiple linear regression of seedling rate, soil temperature and moisture was established.The results showed that the emergence and the seedling emergence rate of spring maize in field experiment were sig-nificantly positively correlated with soil temperature and water, and the change of soil temperature and moisture dur-ing sowing significantly affected grain yield at maturity. When the temperature is constant, the soil moisture contentincreases by 1%, the emergence increases by 0.789%, and the seedling emergence rate increases by 0.798%. Whenthe soil volumetric water content is constant, the temperature increases by 1℃, the emergence increases by 0.352%,and the seedling emergence rate increases by 0.793%. Songyu 419 had the highest yield when sown on April 29,which was 6.66% higher than that in normal sowing period(May 4). In other words, in late April and early May ofeach year, when the average soil temperature was 13.1-13.6℃ and the soil volume moisture content was 13.1%-15.3%, it was the best sowing time. Soil moisture had the greatest effect on spring maize seedling emergence rate,while soil temperature had the greatest effect on spring maize seedling emergence rate.