秸秆还田对松嫩平原西部苏打盐碱地稻田土壤养分及产量的影响

Effects of Straw Returning on Soil Nutrient and Yield of Paddy Field in Soda Saline-alkali Soil in the West of Songnen Plain

为探究秸秆还田对松嫩平原西部苏打盐碱地稻田土壤养分及水稻产量的影响,以长白9号作为试验材料,通过大田试验,采用随机区组设计,设5个秸秆还田处理,分别为CK(无秸秆还田)、S1(40%秸秆还田)、S2(60%秸秆还田)、S3(80%秸秆还田)、S4(100%秸秆还田)。于水稻成熟期,采集0~20 cm耕层土壤测定有机质、全氮、碱解氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量,并测定水稻产量。秸秆还田处理显著提高土壤全氮、碱解氮、铵态氮、硝态氮和有机质含量,在S4处理增加最显著,但S4与S3处理间无显著差异;2017年增幅分别为11.54%~26.92%、11.84%~40.00%、17.1%~19.9%、6.0%~35.0%、18.3%~42.3%;2018年增幅分别为7.4%~33.3%、6.25%~40.63%、4.3%~25.4%、18.0%~36.0%、22.8%~35.2%。2年秸秆还田处理后土壤速效磷含量平均增加20.24%,增幅为11.26%~32.24%;土壤速效钾含量平均增加15.32%,增幅为10.80%~20.15%。秸秆还田处理显著提高水稻产量,2017年增幅为37.2%~100.6%,2018年增幅为43.0%~69.8%,2年均为S3增产效果最显著。有效穗数、穗粒数和结实率的增加是水稻产量增加的主要原因。秸秆还田能显著提高松嫩平原西部苏打盐碱地稻田土壤养分含量和水稻产量,其中80%秸秆还田(5.6 t/hm^(2))效果最为显著。

In order to explore the effects of straw returning on soil nutrient and rice yield in paddy field in soda saline-alkali soil in the western Songnen Plain,Changbai 9 was used as the experimental material.Through the field experiment,five straw returning treatments were set up,which were CK(no straw returning),S1(40%straw returning),S2(60%straw returning),S3(80%straw returning)and S4(100%straw returning).At the maturity stage of rice,the soil of 0-20 cm plough layer was collected to measure the contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,and the yield of rice was determined.Straw returning treatment significantly increased soil total nitrogen,available nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and organic matter content.The most significant increase was in S4,but there was no significant difference between S4 and S3.In 2017,the growth rates were 11.54%-26.92%,11.84%-40.00%,17.1%-19.9%,6.0%-35.0%,18.3%-42.3%,respectively.In 2018,the growth rates were 7.4%-33.3%,6.25%-40.63%,4.3%-25.4%,18.0%-36.0%、22.8%-35.2%,respectively.After two years of straw returning treatment,the content of soil available phosphorus increased by 20.24%,with an average increase of 11.26%-32.24%;the content of soil available potassium increased by 15.32%,with an average increase of 10.80%-20.15%.Straw returning treatment significantly increased rice yield by 37.2%-100.6%in 2017 and 43.0%-69.8%in 2018,and S3 had the most significant effect in two years.Increased number of effective panicles,grain per panicle and seed setting rate are the main reasons for the increase of rice yield.Straw returning can improve soil nutrient content and rice yield in paddy field in soda saline-alkali soil in the western Songnen Plain.Analysis of soil nutrient content and yield the best effect on 80%(5.6 t/ha)straw returning.