黑木耳菌糠与牛粪不同配比对堆肥养分性状及发芽指数的影响

Effects of Different Ratios of Spent Mushroom Substrate to Cattle Manure on Nutrient Property and Germination Index of Composting

根据黑木耳菌糠与牛粪不同配比下堆肥养分性状及发芽指数(GI)的变化,筛选两种农业废弃物腐解的最佳配比。采取室内培养法,将风干、粉碎的黑木耳菌糠与牛粪按照10∶0、9∶1、7∶3、5∶5、3∶7、1∶9和0∶10共7个比例混合,用(NH4)2SO4溶液调节适宜的含水率(60%)和碳氮比(25∶1),随后接种微生物腐熟剂进行为期90 d的好氧腐解试验,通过堆肥pH、总有机碳(TOC)、总养分(N+P_(2)O_(5)+K_(2)O)、C/N及GI的动态分析,筛选黑木耳菌糠与牛粪堆肥的最佳比例。结果表明:各处理下堆肥的pH、TOC含量及C/N比经90 d腐解后均有不同程度下降,而全氮、全磷、总养分含量及GI值有不同程度的增加。黑木耳菌糠与牛粪按照7∶3混合堆肥后,pH由6.94降至5.83,TOC含量及C/N比分别降低41.0%和71.9%,T值获得最小值(0.28),全氮、全磷、全钾、总养分含量及GI值分别增加109.9%、163.0%、39.7%、124.3%和89.0%。经上述腐熟指标的评价,该比例堆肥的优势明显高于其他处理。

According to the changes in nutrient property and germination index(GI)of compost consisted of spent mushroom substrate and cattle manure in different ratios,the best ratio between two agricultural wastes to fully decompose was revealed.The method of indoor culture was adopted,in which the air-dried,crushed spent mushroom substrate and cattle manure were mixed in 7 proportions of 10∶0,9∶1,7∶3,5∶5,3∶7,1∶9 and 0∶10.Suitable moisture content(60%)and C/N ratio(25∶1)of compost were adjusted by(NH4)2SO4 solution.Subsequently,the microbial decomposition agent was inoculated into the compost,and the aerobic decomposition test for 90 days was conducted.During the composting,pH value,TOC,total nutrient content(N+P_(2)O_(5)+K_(2)O),C/N ratio and GI were analyzed dynamically in order to evaluate the best ratio of spent mushroom substrate to cattle manure.The results showed that:after the aerobic decomposition of 90 days,the pH value,total TOC and C/N ratio of compost had different degrees of reduction,while the total N,P,total nutrient contents and GI value had different degrees of increase.After the decomposition process,the compost consisted of spent mushroom substrate to cattle manure in 7∶3,whose pH value was reduced from 6.94 to 5.83,TOC content and C/N ratio were decreased by 41.0%and 71.9%,T value was given the minimum value(0.28),total N,P,K,total nutrient contents and GI value were increased by 109.9%,163.0%,39.7%,124.3%and 89.0%,respectively.This ratio was evaluated by the maturity indicators mentioned above,and its advantage was more obvious over the other ratios.