互联网提升了城市的企业家精神吗?——基于全国282个地级及以上城市的面板数据分析

Does the Internet Enhance Urban Entrepreneurship?Based on the Analysis of Panel Data of 282 Prefecture-level and the Above Cities

从城市集聚经济以及数字金融的视角出发,利用2011—2017年282个城市的面板数据,与爬虫获取的企业工商注册信息和北大数字普惠金融指数相匹配,运用多种计量模型考察互联网对企业家精神的影响。研究发现:互联网能够直接对企业家精神产生促进作用,该结论通过了引入邮电历史数据作为工具变量、补充样本时期和采用DID方法评估智慧城市试点政策等稳健性检验;在区域异质性上,中西部地区的促进效应更为明显。互联网也可以通过提升城市多样化外部性、数字金融普惠性,间接对企业家精神发挥促进作用,并呈现动态溢出效果递增的特点;而城市专业化外部性在该过程中并未起到明显作用。因此,互联网发展不仅是新时代下弘扬企业家精神的助推力量,而且还有利于弥合中国中西部与东部地区之间的创业、创新差距。

From the perspectives of urban agglomeration economy and digital finance,the paper uses the panel data of 282 prefecture-level and the above cities from 2011 to 2017,the business registration information of enterprises obtained by web crawler,and the index of digital financial inclusion made by Peking University to explore the impact of the internet on entrepreneurship by using a variety of econometrics models.Research finds that the internet promotes entrepreneurship directly,and the conclusion has passed the robustness tests such as introducing the historical data of posts and telecommunications as a tool variable,supplementing the sample period,and using DID method to evaluate the pilot policy of smart city.In terms of regional heterogeneity,the promotion effects of central and western regions are more obvious.The internet can also indirectly promote entrepreneurship by improving the externality of urban diversification and the inclusiveness of digital finance,and display the characteristics of increasing dynamic spillover effect.However,the externality of urban specialization has insignificant role in the process.Therefore,the Internet is not only a driving force to promote entrepreneurship in the new era,but also helps to bridge the entrepreneurship and innovation gap between the central and western China and the eastern regions.