铰接车橡胶弹簧悬挂系统非线性特性建模分析

Modelling and Analysis of the Nonlinear Characteristics of Rubber Spring Suspension System of Articulated Dump Truck

橡胶弹簧悬挂系统结构简单减振性能良好,在非公路车辆、大型载重车辆和工程车辆中有广阔的应用前景。对铰接式自卸车悬挂系统进行了研究,对前悬沙漏式橡胶弹簧、后悬的复合橡胶弹簧等进行静、动态实验及分析,在试验的基础上,基于有限元方法对橡胶弹簧的非线性刚度特性进行理论建模与分析,并分析橡胶弹簧结构参数对其刚度特性的影响。对其非线性刚度进行分析,对比分析表明模型仿真与试验分析结果曲线具有一致性,表明所用理论方法和所建模型的准确性;采用非线性有限元接触模型对橡胶弹簧特性进行分析,可有效提高分析的时效性;橡胶弹簧的静态特性试验研究表明,结构的刚度与系统的载荷呈现正相关特征;橡胶弹簧的动态特性试验研究表明,其动刚度和阻尼损耗因子与振动频率和振幅有很大的关系;试验结果和分析模型可作为设计选用橡胶弹簧的依据。

The rubber spring suspension system has the advantages of simple structure and good damping performance,and it has a wide application prospect in off-highway vehicles,large-sized heavy-duty vehicles and engineering vehicles.The articulated dump truck suspension system was studied;static and dynamic experiments were carried out on the front suspension rubber spring and rear suspension of composite rubber spring.On the foundation of the experiment research,the nonlinear stiffness theory model of the rubber spring was established based on finite element method.The relations between the configuration parameter and the stiffness of the rubber spring were analyzed and determined.The nonlinear stiffness was analyzed and the stiffness curves were compared with the experimental ones,and the comparisons between them show the accuracy of the theoretical method and the model.By using the nonlinear finite element contact model to simulate the rubber spring,the research cycle can be greatly shortened and the research cost can be reduced.The static characteristic test of rubber spring shows that the rigidity of rubber spring increases obviously with the increase of load.The experimental study on the dynamic characteristics of the rubber spring shows that the dynamic stiffness and damping loss factor have a great relationship with the vibration frequency and amplitude.The test results and the analytical model can be used as the basis for designing the rubber spring.