新型冠状病毒肺炎实验室诊断方法及意义

Methods of laboratory diagnosis for COVID-19 and its significance

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)正在全球范围内流行,已造成大量死亡,严重威胁公共卫生安全。作为一种全新的高传染性疾病,对其认识需不断探索与完善。目前尚无特效药物,疫情管控依赖于早期准确的诊断与严格的隔离措施。因此,实验室检测方法的优化及准确性成为疫情防控极大的挑战。《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案(试行第八版)》规定,病毒核酸检测阳性、病毒基因测序,与已知的新型冠状病毒高度同源或者血清学特异性抗体检测阳性作为实验室确诊依据。本文总结分析现有实验室检测方法的优缺点和意义,同时展望检测技术未来的发展方向,以期为优化COVID-19实验室诊断提供参考。

The COVID-19 is rapidly spreading across the globe despite drastic public and personal health measures,resulting in a large number of deaths and threatening public health safety sharply.As a novel infectious disease,the characteristics have not been fully elucidated.There is no specific drug for COVID-19.The epidemic control mainly depends on the early accurate diagnosis and strict quarantine.Thus,the optimization and accuracy of laboratory detection methods become a great challenge for epidemic prevention and control.According to the Diagnosis and Treatment Plan for COVID-19(Trial version 8),the laboratory diagnostic criteria include one of the following evidences:being positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid,viral gene sequence being highly homologous to known SARS-CoV-2,or being positive for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in serum.This review summarizes the advantages,disadvantages and significance of existing laboratory tests,and puts forward the development direction of detection technology,so as to optimize the laboratory diagnosis for COVID-19.