CAR-T细胞免疫疗法在胃癌治疗的研究进展

The research progress of CAR-T cell immunotherapy for gastric cancer

胃癌(Gastric Cancer,GC)是世界上死亡率第三的恶性肿瘤,传统方法治疗效果欠佳。研究表明,嵌合抗原受体T细胞(Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell,CAR-T)免疫疗法是很有前景的治疗方法,利用基因工程方法改造T细胞靶向肿瘤抗原可以促进T细胞的抗肿瘤活性。因此,找寻在肿瘤细胞高表达、在正常细胞低表达或不表达的特异性抗原是提高CAR-T疗法的主要因素。本文介绍了在胃癌中比较重要的CAR-T治疗靶点,目前已经开展临床研究的靶点主要有:NKG2D,EpCAM,CLDN,MSLN,FOLR1,HER2,MUC1等,虽然这些靶点已经取得了一些研究成果,但远远不够,新的CAR-T治疗靶点是目前研究的热点。

Gastric cancer(GC)is the third leading cause of cancer mortality in the world.Unfortunately,traditional treatments have limited efficacy.Recent research shows that CAR-T immunotherapy is a promising treatment for GC.Using genetically engineered T cells designed to target a tumor specific antigen,researchers are able to harness the natural anti-tumor activity of T cells.Therefore,it is essential to choose specific antigens that are highly expressed on tumor cells but not on healthy cells.In this review,we present an overview of the most important antigens for CAR-T therapy in the context of GC.A number of clinical studies point to the following as important markers:NKG2D,EpCAM,CLDN,MSLN,FOLR1,HER2,MUC1.Although these markers have been met with some success,the search for new and improved targets continues.