量化民族志:一种融合定性与定量的教育研究方法

Quantitative Ethnography:An Educational Research Method Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis

数据驱动的教育研究范式转型使得质性研究与量化研究间的鸿沟日益加深。作为一种融合定性与定量分析的新兴教育研究方法,量化民族志有助于构建两种研究范式间的桥梁,从而更好地探究教育境脉中数据背后的深层含义。该方法的提出缘于对体现专长的认知框架进行建模的需要,融合了民族志、会话分析、统计学、数据挖掘等方法和技术,通过分析真实场域中学习者的言行举止实现对其认知框架的深描。其实质是构建由理论层面的意义和实证层面的数据所构成的实证研究闭环,以消解质性研究偏于主观、量化研究偏于表面的不足,并建立起两种研究话语间的联系。量化民族志注重构建"境脉中的理论"和实现"理论饱和",并提供了半自动编码软件nCoder和认知网络分析两种研究工具,以确保建模结果的可靠性和可解释性。该方法主要被用于学科教学和跨学科学习中的高阶能力评估,其应用场景呈现出多学科交叉和多模态数据整合的势态,其方法论体系也日趋完善。

The transformation of data-driven educational research paradigm has deepened the gap between qualitative and quantitative research.As a new educational research method that combines qualitative and quantitative analysis,Quantitative Ethnography(QE)helps to build a bridge between the two research paradigms,which consequently better explores the deep meaning behind the data.This method was proposed based on the need to model the epistemic frame that embodies expertise.It combines ethnography,conversation analysis,statistics,data mining and other methods and technologies to perform thick description of epistemic frame by analyzing the words and deeds of learners in a real field.Its essence is to construct a closed loop of empirical research composed of theoretical-level meaning interpretation and empirical-level data analysis.The iterative closed-loop investigation aims to eliminate subjective bias in qualitative research and superficiality in quantitative research,and to establish a connection between the two research discourses.QE pays special attention to the construction of"theory in context"and the realization of"theoretical saturation".It provides two research tools,the semi-automatic coding software called nCoder and the modeling tool called epistemic network analysis(ENA),to ensure the reliability and interpretability of the modeling results.QE is mainly used for high-level competence modeling and assessment in both disciplinary and interdisciplinary learning.Its application scenarios show a trend of cross-disciplinary research and multi-modal data integration,and its methodological system has come to fruition.