代际学习项目如何运行?——行动者网络理论视阈下的个案研究

How Does the Intergenerational Learning Program Operate?--A Case Study Based on the Perspective of Actor-Network Theory

代际学习正受到越来越多国家的重视。代际学习项目是基于代际学习理论所开展的实践形式,其如何运行,是困扰我国相关研究者与实践者的重要问题。行动者网络理论是一种研究人类与非人类行动者之间相互作用并形成的异质性网络的社会学分析方法,可以通过追随核心行动者的运行脉络,向公众展示以此核心行动者为中心的网络建构过程。基于行动者网络理论的分析框架,对C市的L代际学习项目进行个案分析发现:代际学习项目的运行要素主要包括核心行动者、强制通行点(核心利益诉求)和异质性行动者三类;主要通过核心行动者引领项目的拓展,按强制通行点赋予行动者角色职责,基于利益赋予情况动态招募异质性行动者,积极动员行动者参与网络运行、促进网络可持续发展。从运行效果看,L代际学习项目不仅可以帮助老年学习者获取与时俱进的知识技能,提高身心健康和生活质量,还可以增强老年人的积极认知,使其保持良好生活态度,实现终身学习。我国代际学习项目运行中,一是要注意将核心行动者从单一来源向多来源转变;二是要跳出"学校"边界,凝聚异质的组织行动者;三是要有效利用学习资源,构建合理的强制通行点;四是要实现运行的正规化和互动的非正式化。

Intergenerational learning has been receiving more and more countries’attention.And intergenerational learning program is a practical method based on Intergenerational Learning Theory.How it operates is an important problem for researchers and practitioners to study in China.Actor network theory is a sociological analysis method to study the heterogeneous network formed by the interaction between human and non-human actors.And the process of network construction centered on the core actors can be presented to the public by following the running context of the core actors.On the basis of the analysis framework of actor network theory,the case analysis of L Intergenerational Learning Program in C city showed that the operational elements of Intergenerational Learning Program mainly included core actors,obligatory passage points and heterogeneous actors.It mainly leads the expansion of the project through the core actors,assigns the role of actors according to the obligatory passage points,dynamically recruit heterogeneous actors based on the interests,and actively mobilize actors to participate in the operation of the network in order to promote the sustainable development of the network.From the point of view of operation effect,L Intergenerational Learning Program has not only helped elderly learners acquire knowledge and skills to keep pace with the times,improved their physical and mental health and quality of life,but also enhanced their positive cognition to maintain a good attitude towards life and hence to achieve lifelong learning.In the operation of Intergenerational Learning Program in China,firstly,the core actors should be changed from a single source to multiple sources;secondly,it is necessary to jump out of the"school"boundary and gather heterogeneous organizational actors;thirdly,learning resources should be effectively used to build a reasonable obligatory passage points;fourthly,the normalization of operation and the informalization of interaction should be realized.