有毒、有害食品概念的刑法解构

Deconstruction of toxic and harmful food in criminal law

生产、销售有毒、有害食品罪的认定首先需要厘清有毒、有害食品。食品的第一构成要素是供人食用或饮用的功能性,从成分上看包括成品和原料,食品添加剂并不全部都属于食品原料,即便超出添加剂的使用范围,由于性质上不属于有毒、有害性,也有不作为犯罪处理的诸多案件,因此对食品添加剂危害的认定实践应遵从实质的违法判断标准。对有害性的理解分歧较大,司法解释对添加有害非食品原料未做量的要求,但仍应遵循实质违法的判断标准,可用但书作为出罪的事由。在有害和有毒关系的认定上,二者应是并列关系,作为认定标准的对象,前者重在有害的结果上,后者重在非食品原料本身。

The judgement of the crime of producing and selling poisonous and harmful food needs to be deconstructed correctly to clarify the poisonous and harmful foods.The first element of food is the functionality for human eating or drinking.In terms of composition,foods cover finished products and raw materials.Not all food additives are food raw materials.As even if they are used excessively,they are not toxic or harmful in nature,so there are many cases that are not handled as crimes.Therefore,the practice of determining the hazards of food additive should comply with the substantial criteria for judging violations.The understanding of harmfulness is quite different.The judicial interpretation does not require the quantity of added harmful non-food ingredients,but the standard for judging substantial violations should be followed.The proviso can be used as the cause of the crime.In the identification of the relationship between harmful and toxic,the two should be in a parallel relationship.As the object of the identification standard,the former focuses on the harmful results,and the latter focuses on the non-food ingredients themselves.