陈皮中农药残留分析及风险评估研究

Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium and Their Risk Assessments

通过分析中药陈皮的农药残留问题开展风险评估研究。采用气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)和高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)对198批陈皮中的117种农药进行检测;采用点评估方式计算陈皮中农药残留的急性和慢性摄入风险;采用英国兽药残留委员会提出的兽药残留风险排序矩阵计算各农药的风险得分;采用危害指数(HI)法计算有机磷农药的慢性累积风险。198批陈皮中共检出30种农药(含13种禁用农药),总检出率为98.5%,农药检出量为0.001~11.7 mg/kg。检出农药的慢性膳食摄入风险(%ADI)为0.003%~3.142%,急性膳食摄入风险(%ARfD)为0.022%~26.667%,风险均远低于100%,表明陈皮中农药的膳食暴露风险处于较低水平。6种有机磷农药的慢性累积暴露危害指数为0.942,略小于1,表明风险虽可控但需要关注。风险排序结果表明,陈皮中有16种为中高风险农药,应在生产和安全监管中重点关注。

Pesticide residues in Citri reticulatae Pericarpium were analyzed and their risks were assessed.117 pesticide residues in 198 samples were detected by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(GC-MS/MS)and high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS).Acute and chronic intake risks were evaluated by using deterministic approach,and the matrix ranking developed by the Veterinary Residues Committee of the United Kingdom was referred to assess the risk scores of the pesticides.Chronic cumulative risk assessment of organophosphorus pesticides were calculated by hazard index(HI)approach.30 pesticide residues which contained 13 forbidden ones were detected in the 198 samples,with a whole detected rate of 98.5%and a residue level of 0.001-11.7 mg/kg.For the pesticides detected,the chronic dietary intake risks expressed as percentage of acceptable daily intake(%ADI)were 0.003%-3.142%,while their acute dietary intake risks expressed as percentage of acute reference dose(%ARfD)were 0.022%-26.667%,which were all far below 100%,indicating that there existed very little risk for dietary exposure.The cumulative exposure risks for 6 organophosphorus pesticides were 0.942,which were just slightly less than 1,but should be noticed.Risk ranking results showed that 16 pesticides concerning middle and high residue risk should be focused on the production and safety supervision.