安徽省某生活垃圾焚烧发电项目职业病危害调查与评估

Investigation and evaluation of occupational hazards in a domestic waste incineration power generation project in Anhui Province

目的了解安徽省某生活垃圾焚烧发电项目职业病危害情况,为该类项目职业病防控工作提供科学依据。方法 2017年5—8月采用职业卫生调查法及现场检测检验法等进行综合分析。结果安徽省某生活垃圾焚烧发电项目粉尘化学因素的浓度均符合卫生限值的要求,合格率为100%。粉尘共检测7种,23个点位,合格率均为100%,其中石灰石粉尘短时间接触浓度最大值为8.1 mg/m^(3);化学因素共检测11种,30个点位,合格率均为100%,其中氨短时间接触浓度最大值为3.3 mg/m^(3);物理因素共检测3种,29个点位,工频电场、高温合格率均为100%,噪声检测结果有超标现象,8 h等效声级(LEX,8 h)为64.489.0 dB(A),合格率为71%。该企业存在恶臭危害,职业病防护设施基本满足要求,但是垃圾坑负压不足,个体防护用品不能满足恶臭作业岗位人员的需求。结论安徽省某生活垃圾焚烧发电项目关键控制点是对恶臭的防控,企业应该在个人防护用品、恶臭防护设施方面进行改进,保护作业工人健康。

Objective To understand the occupational hazards of a domestic waste incineration power generation project in Anhui Province,provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of occupational diseases in such projects. Methods Occupational health survey method,and on-site inspection and test method were used for comprehensive analysis from May to August 2017.Results The concentration of dust and chemical factors in this project met the requirements of the occupational health limit,and the qualified rate was 100%. A total of 7 kinds of dust and 23 points were tested,and the qualified rate was 100%. The maximum short-term contact concentration of limestone dust was 8.1 mg/m^(3). A total of 11 kinds of chemical factors and 30 points were tested,and the qualified rate was 100%. The maximum short-term contact concentration of ammonia was 3.3 mg/m^(3). A total of 3 kinds of physical factors and 29 points were detected,and the qualified rate of power frequency electric field and high temperature were 100%. The noise intensity exceeded the standard,LEX,8 hwas 64.4-89.0 dB(A),and the qualified rate was 71%.The enterprise had malodor hazards. The occupational hazard protection facilities basically met the requirements. But the negative pressure of the garbage pit was insufficient, and personal protective equipment could not meet the needs of personnel working in malodorous jobs. Conclusion The critical control point of the domestic waste incineration power generation project in Anhui Province is the prevention and control of malodor. Enterprise should improve the personal protective equipment and malodor protection facilities to protect the health of workers.