麻醉医生营养健康、工作压力和心理健康的调查

Investigation on nutritional health,work stress and mental health of anesthesiologists

目的调查麻醉医生身心健康、工作压力、睡眠质量、抑郁和焦虑情况,寻找麻醉医生猝死原因。方法2018年3—8月,调查西安市3家三甲综合医院125名麻醉医生,按年龄分为两组,A组25<41岁,B组4155岁,调查身高、体质量和值班期间膳食摄入情况,每周运动和外出就餐次数,每天摄水量和近1个月对健康生活满意度情况,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表、焦虑自评表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)。结果两组除每周外出就餐次数外,营养不良、每天摄水量500<1000 mL、运动情况和对目前生活及健康总体评价情况比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。职业压力源各因子得分排名前3位依次是组织管理、职业兴趣和工作负荷。两组PSQI总分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组麻醉医生焦虑和抑郁得分均值与国内常模比较都明显升高(P<0.05),且A组分值更高,职业压力、焦虑和抑郁均与PSQI分值呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论麻醉医生身心满意度低以及睡眠质量总体比较差,睡眠与焦虑、抑郁和工作压力呈负相关,尤其25<41岁问题更加突出,为杜绝麻醉医生猝死,应引导麻醉医生积极应对工作压力,提高身心健康水平。医政管理部门应采取切实可行措施减轻麻醉医生的工作压力。

Objective To investigate the physical and mental health,work stress,sleep quality,depression and anxiety of anesthesiologists,and find out the causes of sudden death in anesthesiologists.Methods From March to August 2018,125 anesthesiologists in three grade-A tertiary general hospitals in Xi’an City were divided into two groups by age,group A for25-<41 years old and group B for 4155 years old,to investigate the height,weight and dietary intake during duty,the frequency of weekly exercise and the number of meals going out,daily water intake,and the satisfaction of healthy life in the past month.The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),the Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and the Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS)were used for investigation.Results There were statistically significant differences in malnutrition,daily water intake of 500-<1000 mL,exercise and general evaluation of current life and health between the two groups(all P<0.05),while the difference in number of meals going out per week was not statistically significant.The top three scores for factor of occupational stressors were organizational management,professional interest,and workload.There was a statistically significant difference in PSQI total scores between the two groups(P<0.01).The mean values of anxiety and depression scores of anesthesiologists in both groups were significantly higher than the domestic norms(P<0.05),and the values of group A were higher.Occupational stress,anxiety and depression were negatively correlated with the PSQI score(P<0.05).Conclusion Anesthesiologists have low physical and mental satisfaction and overall poor sleep quality.Sleep is negatively related to anxiety,depression and work stress,especially the problem in 25-<41 years-old group is more prominent.In order to prevent sudden death of anesthesiologists,it is necessary to guide anesthesiologists to actively respond work pressure actively and improve their physical and mental health.The medical administration department should take practical measures to reduce the work pressure of anesthesiologists.