论刑法规制涉兴奋剂行为的“张”与“弛”

Tension and Relaxation of Doping Behavior in Criminal Law Regulation

基于刑法学相关理论,在确立刑法介入涉兴奋剂行为基本原则的基础上,检视我国现行的刑法规范。刑法作为治理社会越轨行为的最后一道防线,在规制涉兴奋剂行为时应张弛有度。法益侵害真实性、法益保护必要性与法益保护合宪性是刑法规制涉兴奋剂行为的基本原则。在扩张刑法规制范围、调动刑法规范治理涉兴奋剂行为方面,《兴奋剂司法解释》将履行反兴奋剂职权不作为、滥作为,走私、擅自生产、经营兴奋剂,诱使未成年人、残疾人使用兴奋剂和在国家考试的体能测试中使用兴奋剂等行为纳入了刑法规制范围。组织、欺骗、教唆、强迫等诱使运动员使用兴奋剂的行为应适时通过刑事立法予以刑法规制。在刑法紧缩、谦抑方面,运动员自愿使用兴奋剂行为通过非刑手段即可有效控制,无须纳入刑法规制范围。

Based on the relevant theories of criminal law and the basic principles of criminal law intervention in doping behavior,the paper examines the current criminal law norms in China.As the last line of defense to control the social deviant behaviors,criminal law should be relaxed when regulating doping behaviors.Legal interest infringement authenticity,the necessity of legal interest protection and the constitutionality of legal interest protection are the basic principles of criminal law regulating doping behaviors.In terms of expanding the scope of criminal law regulation and mobilizing the criminal law to regulate and control doping-related acts,the Judicial Interpretation of Doping has included in the scope of criminal law regulation such acts as inaction,abuse,smuggling,unauthorized production and operation of stimulants,inducement of minors and persons with disabilities to use stimulants and the use of stimulants in the physical test of state examinations.Organizing,cheating,abetting and forcing athletes to use doping should be regulated by criminal law.In the aspect of constriction and modesty of criminal law,athletes'voluntary use of stimulant can be effectively controlled by non-criminal means without being included in the scope of criminal law regulation.