明代洪武朝宦官知识化研究

Multi-dimensional Perspectives on Phonetic Evolution

明代宦官参政有别于汉唐,上升到了制度层面,并以宦官知识化为先决条件。其知识化进程可上溯至洪武朝,并非通常所谓的永乐、宣德朝。在知识化进程中,识字宦官逐步走向各内廷机构,职掌重要监衙,成为知识型宦官早期群体。这类宦官的活动,对于明代皇权政治、国家治理的影响日渐深远,某种程度上可说,明朝以“皇权为绝对中心,内外廷制衡合作”的权力运行机制由此启幕。

Eunuch participation in politics in Ming dynasty is different from that in Han and Tang dynasties,which had been up graded into the political system with a prerequisite of eunuchs’intellectualization.This process can be traced back to the Hongwu period rather than the Yongle period or the Xuande period.During their intellectualization,the eunuchs went gradually into the imperial palace,took charge of the important supervision offices and then forms the intellectualized eunuchs group.Their political activities have long and lasted influence to the imperial politics and state governance of the Ming dynasty.To some extent,they started the power operation mechanism with“imperial power as the absolute center,while imperial palace and exterior imperial court checks and balances”.