产业升级与技能溢价

Industrial Upgrading and Skill Premium

发达国家和发展中国家都曾出现过技能溢价上升的现象。文章从WIOD Socio-Economic Accounts(SEA)(1995-2009)数据库的中国数据发现,中国在1995-2009年间出现过技能溢价上升的现象。从产业升级的视角,描述禀赋、产业升级与技能溢价的关系。产业结构及其变迁是由禀赋结构与其变化内生决定的。在多个产业部门同时存在、不同部门的资本技术比不同且随时间推移而变化,要素在行业间不完全流动,生产技术结构与整个制造业禀赋结构更为接近的行业中的企业在开放竞争的条件下,资本积累和产业升级的速度更快,在资本技术互补的假设下,增加了对高技术劳动的需求,技能溢价上升。

Skill premium has increased substantially not only in the developed countries but in many developing countries.Using WIOD Socio-Economic Accounts(SEA)manufacturing database(1995-2009),we document the empirical facts about industrial structure and describe the relationship of endowment structure,industrial structure and skill premium.The industrial structure and its changes are endogenously determined by endowment structure and its changes.There exists tremendous cross-industry heterogeneity in capital to skilled-labor ratios.Under the condition of multiple industrial sectors,the speed of capital accumulation is faster in industries whose capital skilled labor ratio sare closer to the endowment structure of the whole manufacturing industry in an open and competitive market environment.This increases the demand for skilled labor and the skill premium.