中国与中亚五国金融包容发展差异及影响因素研究

A Study on the Difference of Financial Inclusion between China and the Five Central Asian Countries and on its Influencing Factors

文章通过比较中国与中亚五国居民的正规金融机构账户拥有率、金融服务可及性和使用情况、金融信息化程度等指标发现,各国金融包容发展存在着较大的差异。对金融包容指数的测算结果表明,中国的金融包容水平领先于中亚国家。从需求、供给、社会三个方面实证分析影响金融包容因素的结果来看,收入水平、受教育程度、通信基础设施、金融发展效率、贫富差距等对金融包容有重要影响。因此,中国应改善金融基础设施,完善包容性金融机构体系,提高居民收入水平,发展教育提高居民金融素养,以此提高金融包容水平,并在商业可持续性原则的基础上加强与中亚国家的金融包容发展合作。

By comparing the account ownership rate of residents in formal financial institutions, the accessibility and use of financial services, and the degree of financial informatization in China and five Central Asian countries, it is found that there are great differences in the development of financial inclusion between countries. The financial inclusion index shows that China’s financial inclusion level is ahead of the Central Asian countries. From the results of empirical analysis in three aspects of demand, supply and society,we can see that income level, education level, communication infrastructure, financial development efficiency and the gap between the rich and the poor have an important impact on financial inclusion. Therefore, China should improve its financial infrastructure, improve the system of inclusive financial institutions, raise the income level of residents, develop education and improve the financial literacy of residents, so as to improve the level of financial inclusion, and strengthen cooperation with Central Asian countries in the development of financial inclusion based on the principle of commercial sustainability.