美国国防语言能力人工智能建设

The Building of the American National Defense Language Capacity:A Perspective from Artificial Intelligence

人工智能已成为当今世界军事建设的重头戏。为了加强国防语言能力建设,美国国防部很早就开始强力推进人工智能的研究和应用。自20世纪70年代以来,美国国防高级研究计划局和情报高级研究计划局牵头规划了大量项目,对美国国防语言能力建设起到了重要的推动作用。美国军方在推进国防语言能力人工智能建设方面有十大特征:理念上高度重视;时间上贯穿发展全程;内容上凸显技术深化、复杂化、实战化和高水平化;形式上更加复合系统化;技术上以自然语言处理为核心;生态上与其他项目共同交织、互为补充、相互伴随、相互嵌套、相互融合;效果上成效显著、引人注目;驱动上以创新作为项目发展的重要源泉;管理上形成了有效引导模式;路径上形成了高级科研指导部门牵头、其他有能力有实力单位负责承担完成的机制。美国国防语言能力建设在建设理念、领导机关、建设机制、创新驱动、军民融合、体系结构等方面对我国具有重要的启示意义。

AI has become the most important development orientation for the military capability building across the world.The US has been the earliest country initiating AI in the military field in the world.In order to promote the national defense language capacity,AI has been introduced into the areas concerned by the US Department of Defense.Over half a century,DARPA and IARPA have planned many projects,and brought about incredible effects.This study listed most of the projects and their major aims of developments by the two agencies for the construction of national defense language capacity by means of AI,and the AI construction strategies in national language capacity building by the US are analyzed and summarized from 10 aspects as follows:highly strengthening in conception;emphasizing AI in the construction of national defense language capacity all the way with the development of AI:deepening the specificity and complexity,approaching to the real war,and pushing the study towards the frontiers of AI in content;seeking more complicated,more systemic and more integrated design;treating national language processing as the core in technology;developing into the mode of mutual interaction,mutual complementation,mutual accompaniment,mutual embedment,mutual assimilation and integration in ecology;emphasizing the real effective results instead of conspicuity;taking creativity as the major power in dynamics;taking the real demand and problem in technology as the mode of leading in management;formulating the mechanism of leading by advanced guiding departments in science and technology research and accomplishing of the research by the capable or creative units in the developmental path.In the end,countermeasures and suggestions are made for the AI construction of national defense language capacity for our country in the aspects of building conception,leading facilities,building mechanism,integration of military and civil,the system of systems and development track.