日粮添加包被氯化铵对围产期奶牛健康的影响

Effect of Dietary Supplemented Coated Ammonium Chloride on the Health of Dairy Cows in Perinatal Period

本试验旨在探讨在围产前期日粮中添加包被氯化铵(美宝安)对奶牛健康的影响。试验采用分阶段环比比较,根据奶牛尿液pH值和产后瘫痪情况调整日粮DCAD值:不添加美宝安、仅饲喂基础日粮,此期有62头围产牛,为试验前阶段;日粮添加180g美宝安,此期有30头围产牛,为试验开始阶段(DCAD1);日粮添加180g美宝安+70gCaCO_(3),此期有18头围产牛,为调整阶段(DCAD2);日粮添加180g美宝安+90gCaCO_(3),此期有39头围产牛,为试验稳定阶段(DCAD3)。结果表明:(1)日粮添加美宝安能够显著降低围产前期奶牛尿液pH值(P<0.05),配合CaCO_(3)调整日粮阴阳离子差后,pH值理想范围由试验前的55.2%提升至稳定阶段的77%,升幅达40%。(2)稳定阶段奶牛产后瘫痪发病率为5.1%,较试验前的13%降低了61%;胎衣不下率为10.3%,较试验前的16.1%下降了36%;亚临床和临床酮病总发病率较试验前降低了31.9%。(3)稳定阶段奶牛的干物质采食量为12.1kg,较试验开始阶段提高了8%;有初乳牛的比例由试验前的90%提升至稳定阶段的95%,开始阶段和调整阶段初乳量显著高于试验前阶段(P<0.05)。提示在本试验条件下在围产前期使用美宝安配合CaCO_(3)调节奶牛日粮阴阳离子差,可调整机体p H值达到理想状态,降低产后瘫痪、胎衣不下和亚临床酮病发病率,能够增加干物质采食量和有初乳牛的比例,提高初乳分泌量,助力围产期奶牛健康。

The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the effect of adding coated ammonium chloride(Menoam)to the pre-perinatal diet on the health of dairy cows.The test uses a phased chain comparison.February is the pretest,and the diet is supplemented with 180 g/d Menoam as the beginning of the experiment(DCAD1);according to the pH value of the urine and postpartum paralysis of cows,an additional 70 g of CaCO_(3) was added as the adjustment stage(DCAD2).The amount of 90 g CaCO_(3) is added as the test stabilization stage(DCAD3).Results Show that:(1)The addition of Menoam can significantly reduce the pH value of dairy cows in the pre-perinatal period(P<0.05).After adjusting the dietary anion and cation difference with CaCO_(3),the ideal pH range has increased from 55.2%before the test to 77%in the stable stage,an increase of 40%.(2)The incidence of postpartum paralysis in the stable phase was 5.1%,which was 61%lower than the 13%before the trial.(3)The retained placenta rate during the stable phase was 10.3%,a decrease of 36%compared with 16.1%before the test.(4)The total incidence of subclinical and clinical ketosis in the stable phase was reduced by 31.9%compared with that before the trial.(5)The dry matter intake during the stable phase was 12.1 kg,which was 8%higher than that at the beginning of the experiment.(6)The proportion of colostrum cows increased from 91%before the test to 95%in the stable phase.The amount of colostrum in the initial stage and adjustment stage was significantly higher than before the test(P<0.05).It can be drawn the conclusion that in the pre-perinatal period,use Menoam combined with CaCO_(3) to adjust the difference in dietary anion and cation,which can adjust the pH of the body to the ideal state,reduce the incidence of postpartum paralysis,retained placenta and subclinical ketosis,increase the intake of dry matter and the proportion of colostrum cows,increase colostrum secretion and enhance the health of perinatal cows.