甲状腺乳头状癌临床病理亚型研究进展

Research progress on clinicopathological subtypes of papillary thyroid carcinoma

甲状腺乳头状癌是最常见的甲状腺癌类型,占所有甲状腺癌病例的75%~85%。该类型肿瘤在中青年女性发生率较高。甲状腺乳头状癌通常分化良好,生长缓慢,并且局限在原发部位,但长期得不到处理的甲状腺乳头状癌也可以发生远处转移。甲状腺乳头状癌临床病理亚型较多,近年来其病理分型变化较大且存在一定的争议。甲状腺乳头状癌通常在常规检查中被发现为无症状的甲状腺结节,表现为颈部肿块。在某些情况下,肿块可能产生了局部症状。这种肿块通常用细针穿刺活检(FNA)进行检查。FNA的准确度非常高,在病例中是一个普遍使用的检查方法,其他研究方法包括超声成像和磁共振扫描。超声是区分实性和囊性病变以及识别钙化的有效方法。本文对近年来甲状腺乳头状癌临床病理亚型的相关文献进行复习,并对其进展进行综述,以期为临床诊疗工作提供一定的参考依据。

Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common type of thyroid cancer,accounting for 75%-85% of all thyroid cancer cases.The incidence of this type of tumor is higher in young and middle-aged women.Papillary thyroid carcinoma is usually well differentiated,slow growing,and limited to the primary site,however,long-term untreated papillary thyroid carcinoma can also have distant metastasis.There are many clinicopathological subtypes of papillary thyroid carcinoma,and its pathological classification has changed greatly in recent years and there are some controversies.Papillary thyroid carcinoma is usually found in routine examination as asymptomatic thyroid nodules,manifested as a neck mass.In some cases,the mass may produce local symptoms.This type of mass is usually examined by fine needle aspiration(FNA).FNA has a very high accuracy,and it is a commonly used examination method in these cases.Other research methods include ultrasound imaging and magnetic resonance scanning.Ultrasound is an effective method to distinguish solid and cystic lesions and to identify calcification.In this paper,we review the literature on the clinicopathological subtypes of papillary thyroid carcinoma in recent years,and briefly review its progress,in order to provide some reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.