超声弹性成像技术评估颈动脉易损斑块的应用进展

Application progress of ultrasound elastography in evaluation of carotid artery vulnerable plaque

颈动脉易损斑块具有破损倾向、发展迅速、稳定性差等特点,与急性脑卒中的发生具有密切联系。目前对于颈动脉易损斑块的临床检查,主要采用超声技术,因其具有快速、简便、灵活、损伤控制好等优点,对于颈动脉易损斑块检查具有十分重要的应用价值。超声弹性成像技术作为超声影像学的一种新技术,为颈动脉斑块的稳定性评估提供了新的方式。目前主要的应用技术包括侵入性的血管内超声弹性成像技术和非侵入性的实时超声组织弹性成像、声辐射力弹性成像等。各类超声弹性成像技术对颈动脉易损斑块的评估各有其特点,其中实时超声组织弹性成像技术通过彩色编码技术可以进行弹性图的呈现,实现血管斑块的可视化,而脉冲声辐射力成像和剪切波弹性成像技术可以分别利用剪切波速度和拉伸模量,对颈动脉斑块的性质进行量化。本文针对超声弹性成像技术对颈动脉易损斑块的评估的应用价值和研究进展进行综述,为临床颈动脉易损斑块的评估提供参考依据。

Carotid artery vulnerable plaque has the characteristics of damage tendency,rapid development and poor stability,which is closely related to the occurrence of acute stroke.At present,ultrasound technology is mainly used in the clinical examination of carotid artery vulnerable plaque,because it has the advantages of fast,simple,flexible,good damage control and so on.It has a very important application value for the detection of carotid artery vulnerable plaque.As a new technology of ultrasound imaging,ultrasound elastography technology provides a new way to evaluate the stability of carotid plaque.The current main application technologies include invasive intravascular ultrasound elastography technology,and non-invasive real-time ultrasound tissue elastography,acoustic radiation force elastography and other technologies.Various ultrasonic elastography technologies have their own characteristics for the evaluation of carotid artery vulnerable plaques.Among them,real-time ultrasonic tissue elastography technology can display elastic maps through color coding technology to realize the visualization of vascular plaques.Pulsed acoustic radiation force imaging and shear wave elastography can use shear wave velocity and tensile modulus to quantify the nature of carotid plaques,respectively.In this paper,the application value and research progress of ultrasound elastography in the evaluation of carotid artery vulnerable plaques are reviewed,which provides reference basis for the clinical evaluation of carotid artery vulnerable plaques.