妊娠期糖尿病的治疗进展

Progress in the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus

妊娠期间的糖尿病包括两种情况,一种是妊娠前已确诊患糖尿病(糖尿病合并妊娠),另一种是妊娠前糖代谢正常或有潜在糖耐量减退、妊娠期出现或确诊的糖尿病。妊娠期糖尿病对于产妇和胎儿都会产生较大的影响,已经成为了当前研究中重点关注的问题。妊娠期糖尿病属于比较常见的产科并发症,对于母婴所产生的危害比较大,由于种族差别、确诊方法不同以及诊断的标准不同,该病的发生率为1%~14%。尽管患者在进行分娩之后,其血糖能够恢复正常,但根据以往长期的随访结果发现,妊娠期糖尿病患者有可能成为2型糖尿病的高危人群。早期开展诊断与治疗,可以帮助提升妊娠期糖尿病患者的治疗有效率和生存质量。当前运动疗法、药物治疗、饮食治疗等都是常见的治疗方法,最关键的环节在于控制患者的血压水平保持在正常范围,降低围生期并发症发生率。本文综述了妊娠期糖尿病的治疗方法,为临床治疗工作提供有价值的参考。

Diabetes during pregnancy includes two kinds of conditions,one is diabetes that has been diagnosed before pregnancy(diabetes combined with pregnancy),and the other is diabetes that has normal glucose metabolism or potential impaired glucose tolerance before pregnancy,and appears or diagnosed during pregnancy.Gestational diabetes mellitus has a great effect on both the mother and the fetus,and has become the focus of current research.Gestational diabetes mellitus is a relatively common obstetric complication,which is harmful to mothers and children.Due to ethnic differences,different diagnosis methods,and different diagnostic criteria,the incidence of the disease ranges from 1% to 14%.Although the patient’s blood sugar can return to normal after delivery,according to the previous long-term follow-up results,patients with gestational diabetes may become a high-risk group of type 2 diabetes.Early diagnosis and treatment can help improve the treatment efficiency and quality of life of gestational diabetes patients.At present,exercise therapy,drug therapy,diet therapy,etc.are common treatment methods.The key link is to control the blood pressure level of patients to keep in the normal range and reduce the incidence of perinatal complications.This paper reviews the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus,to provide valuable reference for clinical treatment.