基于要素视角的耕地“三生”功能理论建构与实证研究

Theory building and empirical research of production-living-ecological function of cultivated land based on the elements

基于要素视角考察耕地功能还处于探索阶段,并且已有的耕地功能分类体系与国家乡村振兴战略及国土空间规划体系衔接性较弱。论文通过对耕地构成要素的系统分析,界定了耕地、耕地功能及耕地生产-生活-生态功能的内涵,理论上建构了耕地“三生”功能的测评框架及分区概念模型。实证表明,南安市80%的耕地生产与生活功能以及60%的耕地生态功能为中等及以上,说明耕地利用功能强度较高。耕地生产、生活与生态功能分别在自然生产潜力与地理区位条件、耕作可达水平与耕地依赖程度、生态基底条件与生态保护政策等因素的影响下,表现出较为明显的地域趋同性。南安市耕地多功能利用水平较低且耕地开发已经危及区域生态安全,为此需要依据耕地功能分区的空间分布、组合结构及功能强度采取差异化的利用、保护与管理策略。

The rapid social and economic development led to the gradual emergence of the multi-functionality of cultivated land.However,existing studies mainly evaluate the function of cultivated land from the perspective of a single function,while the comprehensive investigation of the production-living-ecological function of cultivated land based on elements still remained in the exploratory stage.Therefore,the connotations of cultivated land,cultivated land function,and cultivated land production-living-ecological function were defined based on the systematic analysis of the cultivated land system as well as its elements,and the evaluation framework and the zoning conceptual model of the production-living-ecological function of cultivated land were theoretically constructed.The empirical results showed that the production and living functions of more than 80%of cultivated land and the ecological function of more than 60%of cultivated land were medium or above,which indicated that the degree of development and utilization of cultivated land in Nan′an City was at a high level,and there might be overlap,occupation,and agglomeration between different functions.Under the influence of natural production potential and geographical location conditions,arable land reach level and cultivated land dependence,ecological base condition and ecological protection policy,the production-living-ecological function of cultivated land showed evident regional convergence.About 50%of the cultivated land in Nan′an City had a single function,indicating that the comprehensive level of cultivated land function was still low.The area proportions of function combination models indicated that although cultivated land still provided important food security and social security,the development of cultivated land had been endangering regional ecological security.Therefore,it is necessary to take differentiated utilization,protection,and management strategies according to the spatial distribution,combination pattern,and function intensity of cultivated land functional zoning.Our study could provide theoretical and methodological support for the multifunctional utilization and management of cultivated land under the background of rural revitalization strategy and national spatial planning system construction.