对“法益论”的审视与反思

Review and Reflection on the “Legal Interest Theory”

"法益"概念内在空虚,具有模糊性和任意性等特点,其立法批判机能和体系内含机能难以实际发挥效用。以"法"为视角,无论是前实定法法益抑或后实定法法益,都存在顾此失彼的困境;以"益"为视角,为迎合刑事立法新态势,不得不将"法益"进行抽象化、集体化、公共化解读,但这不仅使法益丧失"可罚性限缩"能力,还为刑罚积极主义推波助澜,完全背离了"法益论"所欲实现的谦抑初衷。实际上,在我国刑法视域下,"法益论后来者居上"也并非无须再辩的板上钉钉的定论。

The concept of"legal interest"has the featuresof inherent emptiness,ambiguity,and arbitrariness. Its function of legislative criticism and interpretation guidance are difficult to be practically effective. From the perspective of "law",whether it is pre-actual legal interest or post-actual legal interest,there is a dilemma of neglecting one or the other;from the perspective of "interest",in order to meet the new trend of criminal legislation,it is necessary to abstract and publicize the "legal interest",but this not only makes the legal interest lose its ability to restrict punishability,but also contributes to penal activism,which is completely deviated from the original intention of moderation and suppression that the"legal interest theory"is supposed to achieve. Under the criminal law in China,"the legal interest theoryis better"is not a firm conclusion that needs no further debate.