朱熹《孟子》考据学平议

A Discussion on the Textual Research of Zhu Xi’s Mencius Learning

朱熹的孟学成就不仅局限于义理方面,其在考据方面也有较大的贡献。朱熹对《孟子》一书进行了详细的考证,所考内容十分广泛,涉及到文本、人物史事、典章制度等诸多方面。在长期的探索与思考过程中,朱熹形成了一套系统的考证方法,主要有择优选取法、义理训诂和诠释结合法、比较验证法、专题式的考证法、阙如法、参验互证法等。这些方法彰显出朱熹的《孟子》考据学具有“广征博引,集众家之长”和“经世致用,注重现实”的特色,对明清时期《孟子》考据学的发展具有先导作用。诚然,由于时代的局限性,朱熹的“考《孟》之学”也存在重复考证、据己意断是非、考证不够全面深入等不足。

Zhu Xi’s achievements in Mencius learning are not limited to justification and theory,but he has also made great contributions to textual research.Zhu Xi conducted a detailed textual research on the book Mencius.The content of the test is very extensive,involving many aspects such as the text,the historical facts of the characters,and the system of laws and regulations.In the process of long-term exploration and thinking,Zhu Xi has formed a set of systematic textual research methods,mainly including selective selection method,combination method of theory and exegesis and interpretation,comparative verification method,special research method and doubt method,participating and mutual proof,etc.These methods demonstrate that Zhu Xi’s textual research of Mencius learning has the characteristics of“widely quoting and quoting,gathering the strengths of many families”and“practical and practical,focusing on reality”,and has a forerunner effect in the development of the textual research of Mencius in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.It is true that due to the limitations of the times,Zhu Xi’s textual research of Mencius learning also has some shortcomings such as repeated textual research,judging right from wrong according to his own will,and not comprehensive and indepth textual research.